Price range symbol data structure generation, storage, display, system, method, and device

ABSTRACT

A method for generating a data structure, the data structure being used to generate a symbol representative of changes in price during a time period, the method includes receiving, for each intra-time period of a plurality of intra-time periods in the time period, intra-time price data including an intra-time open price and an intra-time close price corresponding to the intra-time period, determining, from the received intra-time price data for the plurality of intra-time periods, an open price, which is an intra-time open price of an initial intra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods, and a close price, which is an intra-time close price of a last intra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods, determining, for each intra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods, a value indicating whether or not the intra-time close price of the intra-time period is higher than the open price, so as to determine a plurality of values, and storing the time period, the open price, the close price, and the determined plurality of values in association with one another in the data structure on a non-transitory computer readable medium.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation in part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 17/406,076, filed Aug. 19, 2021, which is a continuation inpart of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/369,577, filed Jul. 7, 2021,which is a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/352,294, filed Jun. 19, 2021, which is a continuation in part of U.S.patent application Ser. No. 17/351,929, filed Jun. 18, 2021, which is acontinuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/342,573,filed Jun. 9, 2021, which is a continuation in part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 17/338,260, filed Jun. 3, 2021, which is acontinuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/937,949,filed Jul. 24, 2020, which is a continuation in part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/935,084, filed Jul. 21, 2020, which is acontinuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/932,345,filed Jul. 17, 2020, which is a continuation in part of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 16/790,512, filed Feb. 13, 2020, now U.S. Pat. No.10,755,458, each of which are incorporated by reference herein in itsentirety.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

This disclosure generally relates to a computer implemented chartingmethod and more specifically relates to a system, method, and device forgenerating and displaying enhanced price bar type charts representativeof a price range of a market traded security during a time period.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

A bar chart also known as a OHLC (Open, High, Low, Close) chart is acollection of price bars, with each bar showing the price movements fora given time period. As shown in prior art of FIG. 1-A, each bar has avertical line 110 that shows the highest price 114 and the lowest price118 reached during the time period. The opening price 122 is marked by atick mark of a small horizontal line on the left of the vertical line110, and the closing price 126 is marked by a tick mark of a smallhorizontal line on the right of the vertical line 110. A bar chartvariation might only display a HLC (High, Low, Close) chart includingHLC bars that omit the opening price 122 and does not include the tickmark of a small horizontal line on the left of the vertical line 110.Bar charts are very similar to Japanese candlestick charts. The twochart types show the same information but in different ways.Candlesticks also have a vertical line showing the high and low of theperiod, but the difference between the open and close is represented bya thicker portion called a body. Neither of these charts show morespecific information as to when the high price and low price occurredduring that given time period nor do these charts even indicate which ofa high price and low price came first.

Since the latter part of the nineteenth century far-eastern traders haveused candlesticks for charting markets and for analysis based on trendsin market psychology. Candlestick patterns are now commonly used intechnical analysis to describe price movements of securities (e.g.,stocks, bonds, ETFs, mutual funds, etc.), derivatives (e.g., options,forwards, futures, swaps, etc.), indices, or currencies over time. Asshown in prior art of FIG. 1-B, the candlestick consists of arectangular body 130, the height of which represents the differencebetween a time period's open price 134 and close price 138. A centerlineprojecting from the top of the rectangle extends upward to the period'shigh price 142 is known as an upper wick 146 whereas a similarcenterline extends from the bottom to the period's low price 150 isknown as a lower wick 154. When the closing trade price 138 is higherthan its opening trade price 134, the body 130 of the up or bullishcandlestick is filled with usually a white or green color. As shown inprior art of FIG. 1-C, as the opening trade price 134 is higher than itsclosing trade price 138, the body of the down or bearish candlestick isfilled 158 with usually a black or red color.

The length of the candlestick varies with the price difference. When theprice ranges between the opening trade price and the closing trade priceincrease, the body will be lengthened. Likewise, the upper or lower wickwill be lengthened due to the highest or lowest trade price,respectively. As shown in prior art of FIG. 1-D, candlestick patternshave emerged due to the variety of sizes of both body and wicks. To namea few, a bullish Marubozu 160 and bearish Marubozu 165 have no wickswhich occur when the highs and the lows also represent the opening andthe closing prices and is considered a continuation pattern. A HangingMan 170 can be a black or a white candlestick that consists of a smallbody near the high with a little or no upper wick and a long lower wick.The lower wick should be two or three times the height of the body andis considered a bearish pattern during an uptrend. Similarly, a ShootingStar 175 can be a black or a white candlestick that has a small body, along upper wick and a little or no lower wick and is considered abearish pattern in an uptrend.

A Dragonfly Doji 180 is formed when the opening and the closing pricesare at the highest of the day. If it has a longer lower wick it signalsa more bullish trend. When appearing at market bottoms it is consideredto be a reversal signal and a Gravestone Doji 185 is formed when theopening and closing prices are at the lowest of the day. If it has alonger upper wick it signals a bearish trend. When it appears at markettop it is considered a reversal signal. Lastly, a Long-Legged Doji 190consists of a Doji with very long upper and lower wicks indicatingstrong forces balanced in opposition and possible market indecision.Nearly all candlestick patterns fall into three broad categories, namelybull, bear, and doji categories. There can be a price gap betweenadjacent candlesticks which occurs when the high and low price range ofthe first candlestick does not overlap with the high and low price ofthe second candlestick.

Both price bars and candlestick wicks are displayed along a centerlineof a vertical axis to show the high and low price range of a given timeperiod and does not offer more specific information as to when the highprice and low price occurred during that given time period. Although animprovement is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,844,487 issued on Nov. 30,2010 by Chapman, entitled, “Computer-implemented method for displayingprice and value extremes” by adding angled tips to the top and bottom ofa price bar to serve as additional visual indicators that show which ofthe high price and low price came first, such teaching relies on addingadditional graphical information and remains silent on displaying moreprecisely when the high price and low price had occurred in a given timeperiod.

U.S. Patent Application 20040267654 filed on Jun. 26, 2003 by Peng, etal., entitled, “Candlestick and bar charts” similarly discloses theaddition of new graphical elements in the form of one or more dottedhorizontal lines that yield more information as to price direction nearthe open and/or close price but is silent as to offering any newinformation regarding when either the high and low price occurred.Though U.S. Pat. No. 7,356,501 issued on Apr. 8, 2008 by Churquinaentitled, “Integrated price and volume display of market tradedsecurities using price-volume bars” does not rely on displaying volumebar separately underneath the candlestick and teaches how to change theshape of the candlestick to reflect the distribution of volume per pricerange along the Y-axis, it is silent with respect to the distribution ofvolume per time range along the X-axis. Further, U.S. Pat. No.11,010,942 B2 issued on May 18, 2021 by Buck entitled, “Graphicaldisplay with integrated recent period zoom and historical period contextdata” discloses how a chart can have multiple axis regions with eachregion having a different time period and fixed candle width but silenton variable symbol width with each symbol having the same time period.

To date, all known charting programs from trading software, banks,brokers, independents, and third parties similarly dynamically update acurrent candlestick for display in a candlestick chart during pricechanges throughout a given time period of the candlestick by renderingand displaying the same full fixed width of the candlestick whileupdating the height of the body and wicks along the centerline accordingto each price change leaving a user without any sense of when the timeperiod ends and left waiting to only then view the final candlestickupon learning of the close price for that time period. Analogously, thesame holds true for OHLC and HLC price bars where the vertical linedepicting the high price and low price, though changing in height,remains static in the same vertical position throughout the time period.The speculative reason for this is that it appears all charting enginesand modules are configured to receive market data in the form of OHLCdata which does not specify when the high price or the low priceoccurred during the time period.

Conventional candlesticks are inaccurately drawn due to chart librariesprogrammed to draw a single high price-low price vertical line and thendraw a candle body symmetrically atop of the vertical line. Conventionalmethods do not draw separate vertical lines to create a separate upperwick and a separate lower wick. Further, in conventional methods, thetime axis label indicating the start of a time period is inaccuratelydrawn directly under the high price-low price vertical line. The drawingof the vertical line is indicative of treating it is a single wick,which is a visually inaccurate way to represent the reality of pricefluctuations during a given time period.

Accordingly, in light of the above, there is a strong need in the artfor systems, methods, and devices to overcome this lack of more specificinformation and provide a user with more timely and more visuallyaccurate charting information during a given time period.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure enables more specific information to help a userunderstand more clearly time points when a high price and low priceoccurred, respectively, during a time period, without adding anyadditional visual indicators. The present disclosure provides a wideningbody of a candlestick proportional to the percentage of traversal of thetime period. The present disclosure enables for the replacement ofconventional candlesticks with enhanced candlesticks. The presentdisclosure enables enhanced OHLC data to assist a user with research,analysis, and back-testing with historical data to visualize enhancedcandlestick chart data over longer time periods of years or evendecades. The present disclosure provides enhanced OHLC and HLC barcharts that include a separate upper price bar and lower price barinstead of a conventional centerline high-low price bar and furtherinclude an open-close bar and a close bar, respectively, that can widenproportional to the percentage of traversal of the time period. Thepresent disclosure provides a tilting of a centerline high-low price barof a candlestick or OHLC bar to determine whether the high price or thelow price occurred first in the time period as well of the tilting orshifting of either upper and lower wicks or upper and lower price barsas alternate ways to visually depict such distinction without relyingupon the overlaying of any graphical elements or other visualindicators. The present disclosure enables generation of new alternateHLC and OHLC type price symbols, such as the two intersecting linessymbol that represents the intersection of an open-close price line anda high-low price line or a quadrilateral drawn with the open price, thehigh price, the low price, and the close price as vertices.

The present disclosure provides a candlestick having multiple upperwicks and multiple lower wicks connected to a candle body that can begenerated and displayed. The present disclosure provides a demarcationindicator that enables a user to visually see what portion of thecurrent time period has lapsed and how much time in the current timeperiod remains. The present disclosure enables the magnification ofsymbol width of a current or recent symbol so that older symbols remainsmaller thereby increasing the number of symbols displayed on a screen,which is helpful on mobile and smartphone devices. The presentdisclosure enables a user to select an intra-time period resolutionvalue which increases accuracy of approximate upper and lower wickpositions along a symbol body width.

The present disclosure enables for the calculating and updating of thehighest symbol position value, the lowest symbol position value, and thesymbol partial-width value as prices fluctuate during the course of atime period as well as the storing of such data values into an enhancedOHLC data structure. The present disclosure enables ghost price rangesymbols to be generated and displayed (dimmed to distinguish from actualsymbols) to provide more price chart continuity estimating last price inthe event of illiquid stocks or options pricing that have infrequentlast price data updates. The present disclosure enables a user toreceive news, advertisements, estimated pricing and other contextsensitive content displayed in the empty time gaps during closed marketswhether overnight, the weekend or holidays and further display suchenhanced content in between price gaps independent of time gaps. Thepresent disclosure enables a variable symbol width between a minimum andmaximum width for price range symbols that each have the same timeperiod. The present disclosure provides bar charts or histograms ofvolume or technical indicators to be displayed within a candle body. Thepresent disclosure lowers computing resources by isolating to anon-scrollable separate region a current uncompleted price range symbolthat is redrawn as prices fluctuate.

The present disclosure enables a candle body drawn with intra-body fillareas to visually record the bullish or bearish state of each intra-timeperiod within a time period. The present disclosure enables priceactivity summary data during a time period to be stored and visuallydisplayed. The present disclosure provides for a new type a demarcationindicator as well as a new type of bullish-bearish off-chart indicator.The present disclosure provides a heat map to distinguish the percentbullish and bearish during a time period as well as tracking higherhighs and lower lows. The present disclosure enables for the strorageand transmission of extended OHLC type data structures to additionallyinclude wick position data, intra-body fill data, intra-volumeluminosity level data, and price range summary data to be used for morevisually accurate price range symbol depiction of fluctuating pricesduring a time period.

In general, in accordance with the present disclosure acomputer-implemented method for displaying to a user a candlestickrepresentative of a price range during at least a portion of a timeperiod that includes a plurality of intra-time periods, the methodincludes receiving a OHLC (open, high, low, close) data of a firstintra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods and a OHLC dataof a second intra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods, acharting engine generating a candle body from an open price of the firstintra-time period and a close price of the second intra-time period,determining a highest intra-time period having a highest price from eachhigh price of each of the first and second intra-time periods and alowest intra-time period having a lowest price from each low price ofeach of the first and second intra-time periods, the charting enginegenerating at least one of an upper wick and lower wick, a bottom of theupper wick being connected to a top of the candle body above thedetermined highest intra-time period and a top of the lower wick beingconnected to a bottom of the candle body below the determined lowestintra-time period, and the charting engine displaying the candlestickincluding the candle body and the at least one of the upper wick andlower wick, where the candlestick visually depicts and enables the userto see relative to a width of the candle body, the respective times whenthe highest price and the lowest price have occurred during the at leasta portion of the time period.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, acomputer-implemented method for displaying to a user a HLC (high, low,close) symbol representative of a price range during at least a portionof a time period including a plurality of intra-time periods, the methodincludes receiving a HLC data of a first intra-time period of aplurality of intra-time periods and a HLC data of a second intra-timeperiod of a plurality of intra-time periods, a charting enginegenerating a horizontal close price bar at a close price of the secondintra-time period, the close price bar spanning across the firstintra-time period and the second intra-time period, determining ahighest intra-time period having a highest price from each high price ofeach of the first and second intra-time periods and determining a lowestintra-time period having a lowest price from each low price of each ofthe first and second intra-time periods, the charting engine generatingat least one of an upper price bar and lower price bar, a bottom of theupper price bar being connected to a top of the close price bar abovethe highest intra-time period and a top of the lower price bar beingconnected to a bottom of the close price bar below the lowest intra-timeperiod, and the charting engine displaying the HLC symbol which includesthe close price bar and the at least one of the upper price bar andlower price bar, where the HLC symbol visually depicts and enables theuser to see relative to a width of the close bar, the respective timeswhen the highest price and the lowest price have occurred during the atleast a portion of the time period.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, acomputer-implemented method for displaying to a user a OHLC (open, high,low, close) symbol representative of a price range during at least aportion of a time period including a plurality of intra-time periods,the method includes receiving a OHLC data of a first intra-time periodof a plurality of intra-time periods and a OHLC data of a secondintra-time period of a plurality of intra-time periods, a chartingengine generating an open-close price bar drawn from an open price ofthe first intra-time period and a close price of the second intra-timeperiod, determining a highest intra-time period having a highest pricefrom each high price of each of the first and second intra-time periodsand a lowest intra-time period having a lowest price from each low priceof each of the first and second intra-time periods, the charting enginegenerating at least one of an upper price bar and lower price bar, abottom of the upper price bar being connected to a top of the open-closeprice bar above the determined highest intra-time period and a top ofthe lower price bar being connected to a bottom of the open-close pricebar below the determined lowest intra-time period, and the chartingengine displaying the OHLC symbol including the open-close price bar andthe at least one of the upper price bar and lower price bar, where theOHLC symbol visually depicts and enables the user to see relative to awidth of the open-close bar, the respective times when the highest priceand the lowest price have occurred during the at least a portion of thetime period.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, acomputer-implemented method for displaying to a user a OHLC (open, high,low, close) price symbol representative of a price range during a timeperiod, the method includes generating the OHLC price symbol as aquadrilateral including a first vertex representative of an open priceat a start of the time period, a second vertex representative of a highprice at a first time during the time period, a third vertexrepresentative of a low price at a second time during the time period,and a fourth vertex representative of a close price at an end of thetime period, and displaying the OHLC price symbol to the user.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, acomputer-implemented method for displaying to a user a HLC (high, low,close) price symbol representative of a price range during a timeperiod, the method includes generating the HLC price symbol as atriangle including a first vertex representative of a high price at afirst time during the time period, a second vertex of a low price at asecond time during the time period, and a third vertex representative ofa close price at an end of the time period, and displaying the HLC pricesymbol to the user.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, acomputer-implemented method for displaying to a user a OHLC (open, high,low, close) bar representative of a price range during a time periodincludes a charting engine generating and displaying an open-close priceline drawn from an open price to a close price of the time period andthe charting engine generating and displaying a high-low price lineintersecting the open-close price line wherein the high-low price lineis drawn from a high price at a first time during the time period to alow price at a second time during the time period.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, acomputer-implemented method for displaying to a user a OHLC (open, high,low, close) bar representative of a price range during a time periodincludes determining whether a low price during the time period occurredbefore a high price during the time period, a charting engine generatingand displaying (1) an open-high price line drawn from an open price at astart of the time period to a high price at a first time of the timeperiod, (2) a high-low price line drawn from the high price at the firsttime during the time period to a low price at a second time during thetime period, and a low-close price line drawn from the low price at thesecond time during the time period to the close price at an end of thetime period when determining that the low price occurred after the highprice, and the charting engine generating and displaying an (1) open-lowprice line drawn from the open price at the start of the time period tothe low price at the second time of the time period, (2) a low-highprice line drawn from the low price at the second time during the timeperiod to the high price at the first time during the time period, and a(3) high-close price line drawn from the high price at the first timeduring the time period to the close price at the end of the time periodwhen determining that the low price occurred before the high price.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, acomputer-implemented method for displaying to a user an OHLC (open,high, low, close) bar representative of a price range during a timeperiod includes determining whether a low price during the time periodoccurred before the high price during the time period, a charting enginegenerating and displaying (1) an open price line drawn horizontally froman open price at a start of the time period to perpendicularly connectwith a bottom of a vertically drawn high price line of a high price at afirst time of the time period and (2) a close price line drawnhorizontally from a close price at an end of the time period toperpendicularly connect with a top of a vertically drawn low price lineof a low price at a second time of the time period, when determiningthat the low price occurred after the high price, and the chartingengine generating and displaying (1) the open price line drawnhorizontally from the open price at the start of the time period toperpendicularly connect with a top of a vertically drawn low price lineof the low price at the second time of the time period and (2) the closeprice line drawn horizontally from the close price at the end of thetime period to perpendicularly connect with a bottom of a verticallydrawn high price line of the high price at the first time of the timeperiod, when determining that the low price occurred before the highprice.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure acomputer-implemented method for displaying to a user a price range of amarket traded asset during a time period, the method includes a chartingengine displaying a price bar, the price bar having a widthrepresentative of the time period, generating an upper price bar andlower price bar, the upper price bar having a height representative of ahighest price occurring at a first time during the time period and thelower price bar having a height representative of a lowest priceoccurring at a second time during the time period, connecting a bottomof the upper price bar to a top of the price bar at a first connectionpoint, the first connection point dividing the top of the price bar intoa first top part and a second top part where a ratio between the firsttop part and the top of the price bar corresponds to a ratio between thefirst time and the time period and connecting a top of the lower pricebar to a bottom of the price bar at a second connection point, thesecond connection point dividing the bottom of the price bar into afirst bottom part and a second bottom part where a ratio between thefirst bottom part and the bottom of the price bar corresponds to a ratiobetween the second time and the time period, and the charting enginedisplaying the price bar, the upper price bar, and the lower price bar,which visually depict and enable the user to see relative to the pricebar, respective times when the highest price and the lowest price haveoccurred during the time period.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, acomputer-implemented method for displaying, to a user, a HLC (high, low,close) bar representative of a price range of a market traded assetduring a time period including a plurality of intra-time periods, themethod includes a charting engine displaying a first vertical linehaving a height representative of a difference between a first highprice and a first low price, determined from HLC data of a firstintra-time period having a first close price, the charting enginedisplaying a second vertical line adjacent to the first vertical line,the second vertical line having a height representative of a differencebetween a second high price and a second low price, determined from HLCdata of a second intra-time period having a second close price,determining a highest intra-time period having a highest price fromamong each high price of each of the plurality of intra-time periods anddetermining a lowest intra-time period having a lowest price from amongeach low price of each of the plurality of intra-time periods,generating the HLC bar including a horizontal close bar and an upper barand lower bar by removing all portions of all vertical lines above andbelow the second close price from all intra-time periods other thanabove the second close price of the determined highest intra-time periodand below the second close price of the determined lowest intra-timeperiod, and the charting engine displaying the generated HLC bar,wherein the generated HLC bar visually depicts and enables the user tosee relative to the horizontal close bar, respective times when thehighest price and the lowest price have occurred during the time period.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, acomputer-implemented method for displaying, to a user, an OHLC (open,high, low, close) bar representative of a price range during a timeperiod including a plurality of intra-time periods, the method includesa charting engine displaying a first vertical line having a heightrepresentative of a difference between a first high price and first lowprice, determined from an OHLC (open, high, low, close) data of a firstintra-time period, the charting engine displaying a second vertical lineadjacent to the first vertical line, the second vertical line having aheight representative of a difference between a second high price andsecond low price, determined from an OHLC data of a second intra-timeperiod having a close price, determining a highest intra-time periodhaving a highest price from each high price of each of the first andsecond intra-time periods and determining a lowest intra-time periodhaving a lowest price from each low price of each of the first andsecond intra-time periods, generating an open-close line from an openprice of the time period and the close price of the second intra-timeperiod, and the charting engine generating and displaying the OHLC barby displaying the open-close line overlayed upon the first vertical lineand the second vertical line and generating at least one of an upper barand lower bar by removing all portions of all vertical lines above andbelow the open-close line from all of the plurality of intra-timeperiods other than above the open-close line of the determined highestintra-time period and below the open-close line of the determined lowestintra-time period, wherein the OHLC bar visually depicts and enables theuser to see relative to the open-close line, respective times when theupper bar and the lower bar have occurred during the time period.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, acomputer-implemented method for displaying a candlestick representativeof a price range of a market traded security during a time period havinga plurality of intra-time periods includes a charting engine displayinga first vertical line having a height representative of a range betweena first high price and first low price from a OHLC data of a firstintra-time period, the charting engine displaying a second vertical lineadjacent to the first vertical line, the second vertical line having aheight representative of a range between a second high price and secondlow price from a OHLC data of a second intra-time period, generating abody from an open price of the time period and a close price of thesecond intra-time period, determining a highest intra-time period havinga highest price from each high price of each intra-time period and alowest intra-time period having a lowest price from each low price ofeach intra-time period, and the charting engine generating anddisplaying the candlestick by displaying the body overlayed upon thefirst vertical line and the second vertical line and generating at leastone of an upper wick and lower wick by removing all portions of allvertical lines outside of the body from all intra-time periods otherthan above the body from the highest intra-time period and below thebody of the lowest intra-time period.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a computerimplemented method for displaying a candlestick representative of aprice range of a market traded security during a time period includescalculating a size of a body of the candlestick, the body having a widthand height where the width is representative of the time period and theheight is representative of a range between an open price and a closeprice during the time period, calculating a size of at least one of anupper wick and lower wick of the candlestick, the upper wick having aheight representative of a high price at a first time during the timeperiod and the lower wick having a height representative of a low priceat a second time during the time period, a charting engine generatingthe candlestick by connecting a bottom of the upper wick substantiallyperpendicular to a top of the body, the connection dividing the top ofthe body into a first top part and a second top part where the ratiobetween the first top part and the top of the body corresponds to theratio between the first time and the time period and connecting a top ofthe lower wick substantially perpendicular to a bottom of the body, theconnection dividing the bottom of the body into a first bottom part anda second bottom part where the ratio between the first bottom part andthe bottom of the body corresponds to the ratio between the second timeand the time period, and displaying the candlestick.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, acomputer-implemented method includes modifying a display of acandlestick representative of a price range of a market traded securityduring a time period where the candlestick includes a body and at leastone of an upper wick and lower wick, the body having a width and heightwhere the width is representative of the time period and the height isrepresentative of a range between an open price and a close price duringthe time period, the upper wick having an upper center line projectingfrom a top of the body having a height representative of a high price ata first time during the time period and the lower wick having a lowercenter line projecting from a bottom of the body having a heightrepresentative of a low price at a second time during the time period,the method includes by a charting engine generating a modifiedcandlestick by moving the upper wick from the centerline to a connectionpoint substantially perpendicular to the top of the body, the connectionpoint dividing the top of the body into a first top part and a secondtop part where the ratio between the first top part and the top of thebody corresponds to the ratio between the first time and the time periodand moving the lower wick from the centerline to a connection pointsubstantially perpendicular to the bottom of the body, the connectionpoint dividing the bottom of the body into a first bottom part and asecond bottom part where the ratio between the first bottom part and thebottom of the body corresponds to the ratio between the second time andthe time period, and the charting engine displaying the modifiedcandlestick.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, acomputer-implemented method for displaying, to a user, a display of amodified candlestick representative of a price range during a timeperiod wherein a candlestick includes a body and at least one of anupper wick and lower wick, the body having a width and height whereinthe width is representative of the time period and the height isrepresentative of a difference between an open price and a close priceduring the time period, the upper wick having an upper center lineprojecting from a top of the body having a height representative of ahigh price at a first time during the time period and the lower wickhaving a lower center line projecting from a bottom of the body having aheight representative of a low price at a second time during the timeperiod, the method includes determining whether the low price occurredbefore the high price during the time period, a charting enginegenerating the modified candlestick by one of a (1) at least one of amoving the upper wick to a right of the upper center line to aconnection point substantially perpendicular to the top of the body andmoving the lower wick to a left of the lower center line to a connectionpoint substantially perpendicular to the bottom of the body whendetermining that the low price occurred before the high price, and (2)at least one of moving the upper wick to the left of the upper centerline to a connection point substantially perpendicular to the top of thebody and moving the lower wick to the right of the lower center line toa connection point substantially perpendicular to the bottom of the bodywhen determining that the low price occurred after the high price, andthe charting engine displaying the modified candlestick, which visuallydepicts to the user whether the low price occurred before or after thehigh price during the time period.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, acomputer-implemented method for displaying, to a user, a display of amodified candlestick representative of a price range of a market tradedasset during a time period wherein the candlestick includes a body andat least one of an upper wick and lower wick, the body having a widthand height wherein the width is representative of the time period andthe height is representative of a difference between an open price and aclose price during the time period, the upper wick having an uppercenter line projecting from a top of the body having a heightrepresentative of a high price at a first time during the time periodand the lower wick having a lower center line projecting from a bottomof the body having a height representative of a low price at a secondtime during the time period, the method includes determining whether thelow price occurred before the high price during the time period, acharting engine generating the modified candlestick by one of (1) atleast one of tilting a top of the upper wick clockwise from a pivot onthe upper center line and tilting a bottom of the lower wick clockwisefrom a pivot on the lower center line, when determining that the lowprice occurred before the high price, and (2) at least one of a tiltinga top of the upper wick counter-clockwise from the pivot on the uppercenter line and tilting a bottom of the lower wick counter-clockwisefrom a pivot on the lower center line when determining that the lowprice occurred after the high price, and the charting engine displayingthe modified candlestick, which visually depicts to the user whether thelow price occurred before or after the high price during the timeperiod.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, acomputer-implemented method for displaying, to a user, a display of amodified OHLC (open, high, low, last) price bar representative of aprice range during a time period wherein an OHLC price bar includes avertical price bar having a center point and a height representative ofa difference between a high price and low price during the time period,the method includes determining whether the low price occurred beforethe high price during the time period, a charting engine generating themodified OHLC price bar by one of (1) tilting the vertical price barclockwise from the center point of the vertical price bar, whendetermining that the low price occurred before the high price and (2)tilting the vertical price bar counter-clockwise from the center-pointof the vertical price bar, when determining that the low price occurredafter the high price, and the charting engine displaying the modifiedOHLC price bar, which visually depicts to the user, whether the lowprice occurred before or after the high price during the time period.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying, to a user, a symbol representative of changes in a price ofan asset during a time period, the method includes receiving a pluralityof prices, each price occurring at a different corresponding time,determining, from the received plurality of the prices, an open priceoccurring at an initial time and a last price occurring at a last time,the time period extending from the initial time to the last time,determining, from the received plurality of prices, a highest priceoccurring at a first time within the time period and a lowest priceoccurring at a second time within the time period, generating, by acharting engine, a symbol, based on the open price, the last price, thehighest price, and the lowest price, and displaying, by the chartingengine, the symbol, which includes a first indicator indicating thefirst time corresponding to the highest price and a second indicatorindicating the second time corresponding to the lowest price.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying, to a user, a symbol representative of changes in a price ofan asset during a time period, the method includes receiving a pluralityof prices, each price occurring at a different corresponding time,determining, from the received plurality of the prices, an open priceoccurring at an initial time and a last price occurring at a last time,the time period extending from the initial time to the last time,determining, from the received plurality of prices, a highest priceoccurring at a first time within the time period and a lowest priceoccurring at a second time within the time period, generating, by acharting engine, a candle body from the open price and the last price,wherein a height of the candle body indicates a difference between theopen price and the last price, and a width of the candle body indicatesa difference between the last time and the initial time, generating, bythe charting engine, an upper wick and a lower wick based on the openprice, the last price, the highest price, and the lowest price, anddisplaying, by the charting engine, the symbol, which includes thecandle body, the upper wick, and the lower wick, wherein the upper wickextends from an upper surface of the candle body at a first pointcorresponding to the first time and the lower wick extends from a lowersurface of the candle body at a second point corresponding to the secondtime.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying, to a user, a symbol representative of changes in a price ofan asset during a time period, the method includes receiving a pluralityof prices, each price occurring at a different corresponding time,determining, from the received plurality of the prices, an open priceoccurring at an initial time and a last price occurring at a last time,the time period extending from the initial time to the last time,determining, from the received plurality of prices, a highest priceoccurring at a particular time within the time period, generating, by acharting engine, a candle body from the open price and the last price,wherein a height of the candle body indicates a difference between theopen price and the last price, and a width of the candle body indicatesa difference between the last time and the initial time, generating, bythe charting engine, an upper wick based on the open price, the lastprice, and the highest price, and displaying, by the charting engine,the symbol, which includes the candle body and the upper wick, whereinthe upper wick extends from an upper surface of the candle body at aparticular point corresponding to the particular time.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying, to a user, a symbol representative of changes in a price ofan asset during a time period, the method includes receiving a pluralityof prices, each price occurring at a different corresponding time,determining, from the received plurality of the prices, an open priceoccurring at an initial time and a last price occurring at a last time,the time period extending from the initial time to the last time,determining, from the received plurality of prices, a lowest priceoccurring at a particular time within the time period, generating, by acharting engine, a candle body from the open price and the last price,wherein a height of the candle body indicates a difference between theopen price and the last price, and a width of the candle body indicatesa difference between the last time and the initial time, generating, bythe charting engine, a lower wick based on the open price, the lastprice, and the lowest price, and displaying, by the charting engine, thesymbol, which includes the candle body and the lower wick, the lowerwick extends from a lower surface of the candle body at a particularpoint corresponding to the particular time.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying, to a user, a symbol representative of changes in a price ofan asset during a time period, the method includes receiving, for eachintra-time period of a plurality of intra-time periods in the timeperiod, intra-time price data including an intra-time open price, anintra-time high price, an intra-time low price, and an intra-time closeprice corresponding to the intra-time period, determining, from thereceived intra-time price data for the plurality of intra-time periods,an open price, which is an intra-time open price of an initialintra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods, determining,from the received intra-time price data for the plurality of intra-timeperiods, a close price, which is an intra-time close price of a lastintra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods, determining,from the intra-time high price of each of the plurality of intra-timeperiods, a highest price occurring within a first intra-time period ofthe plurality of intra-time periods, determining, from the intra-timelow price of each of the plurality of intra-time periods, a lowest priceoccurring within a second intra-time period of the plurality ofintra-time periods, generating, by a charting engine, a candle body fromthe open price and the close price, wherein a height of the candle bodyindicates a difference between the open price and the close price, and awidth of the candle body indicates a difference between a start time ofthe time period and an end time of the time period, generating, by thecharting engine, an upper wick and a lower wick based on the open price,the close price, the highest price, and the lowest price, anddisplaying, by the charting engine, the symbol, which includes thecandle body, the upper wick, and the lower wick, wherein the upper wickextends from an upper surface of the candle body at a first pointcorresponding to the first intra-time period and the lower wick extendsfrom a lower surface of the candle body at a second point correspondingto the second intra-time period.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, acomputer-implemented method for displaying a candlestick type symbolrepresentative of a price range during a time period wherein an openprice occurred at a start of the time period, a highest price occurredat a first time within the time period, and a lowest price occurred at asecond time within the time period, the method includes receiving asecond-most highest price that occurred at a third time within the timeperiod and a second-least lowest price that occurred at a fourth timewithin the time period wherein the second-most highest price is lowerthan the highest price and the second-least lowest price is higher thanthe lowest price, receiving a last price that occurred at a fifth timewithin the time period, wherein the last price is lower than thesecond-most highest price and higher than the second-least lowest price,determining whether the last price is greater than or less than the openprice, generating, by a charting engine, a candle body from the openprice and the last price, wherein a height of the candle body indicatesa difference between the open price and the last price and a width ofthe candle body indicates a difference between the start of the timeperiod and the fifth time within the time period, generating, by thecharting engine, a plurality of upper wicks and a plurality of lowerwicks, including a first upper wick having a height that indicates adifference between the highest price and the last price, a first lowerwick having a height that indicates a difference between the lowestprice and the open price, a second upper wick having a height thatindicates a difference between the second-most highest price and thelast price, and a second lower wick having a height that indicates adifference between the second-least lowest price and the open price, inresponse to determining that the last price is greater than the openprice, generating, by the charting engine, the plurality of upper wicksand the plurality of lower wicks, including the first upper wick havinga height that indicates a difference between the highest price and theopen price, the first lower wick having a height that indicates adifference between the lowest price and the last price, the second upperwick having a height that indicates a difference between the second-mosthighest price and the open price, and the second lower wick having aheight that indicates a difference between the second-least lowest priceand the last price, in response to determining that the last price isless than the open price, and displaying, by the charting engine, acandlestick type symbol, which includes the candle body, the pluralityof the upper wicks, and the plurality of lower wicks.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, acomputer-implemented method for displaying a candlestick representativeof a price range during a time period that includes a plurality ofintra-time periods, the method includes receiving OHLC (open, high, low,close) data for each intra-time period of the plurality of intra-timeperiods, generating, by a charting engine, a candle body from an openprice of a first intra-time period of the plurality of intra-timeperiods to a close price of a last intra-time period of the plurality ofintra-time periods, based on the received OHLC data, determining allupper wick intra-time periods from which intra-time periods of theplurality of intra-time periods have an intra-time high price greaterthan the open price of the first intra-time period and greater than theclose price of the last intra-time period, determining all lower wickintra-time periods from which intra-time periods of the plurality ofintra-time periods have an intra-time low price lower than the openprice of the first intra-time period and lower than the close price ofthe last intra-time period, generating, by the charting engine, an upperwick for each upper wick intra-time period and a lower wick for eachlower wick intra-time period, a bottom of each upper wick beingconnected to a top of the candle body within each upper wick intra-timeperiod, and a top of each lower wick being connected to a bottom of thecandle body within each lower wick intra-time period, and displaying, bythe charting engine, the candlestick including the candle body and atleast one of the generated upper wicks and the generated lower wicks.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying an HLL (high, low, last) type symbol representative ofchanges in price during a time period in which a highest price occurredat a first time within the time period, a lowest price occurred at asecond time within the time period, a last price occurred at a thirdtime within the time period, and the third time occurred before an endof the time period, the method includes generating, by a chartingengine, a demarcation indicator and the HLL type symbol by drawing aspatiotemporal relationship between the highest price, the lowest price,and the last price in accordance with a selected symbol renderingmethod, wherein a width of the HLL type symbol indicates a differencebetween the third time and an earlier of when the highest price occurredand when the lowest price occurred, and displaying, by the chartingengine, the generated HLL type symbol and displaying the generateddemarcation indicator adjacent to the right of the generated HLL typesymbol, the demarcation indicator positioned at the end time of the timeperiod wherein a width between a right most surface of the HLL typesymbol and the demarcation indicator is a difference between the thirdtime and the end of the time period.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying a plurality of OHLC (open, high, low, close) type symbols,each symbol having a prior time period of equal duration and a currentOHLL (open, high, low, last) type symbol representative of changes inprice during a current time period of equal duration to the prior timeperiod in which an open price occurred at a start of the current timeperiod, a highest price occurred at a first time within the current timeperiod, a lowest price occurred at a second time within the current timeperiod, and a last price occurred at a third time within the currenttime period, the method includes generating and displaying, by acharting engine, a first portion of the OHLC type symbols, which have afirst fixed width corresponding to the prior time period, and generatingand displaying a second portion of the OHLC type symbols, which have asecond fixed width corresponding to the prior time period, wherein thesecond fixed width is wider than the first fixed width, generating, bythe charting engine, the current OHLL type symbol by drawing aspatiotemporal relationship between the open price, the highest price,the lowest price, and the last price in accordance with a selectedsymbol rendering method, wherein a height of the current OHLL symbolindicates a difference between the highest price and the lowest priceand a width of the current OHLL symbol indicates a difference betweenthe start of the current time period and the third time, and adifference between the start of the current time period and an end ofthe current time period is equal to the second fixed width, anddisplaying, by the charting engine, the generated current OHLL typesymbol adjacent to the plurality of displayed OHLC type symbols.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying an OHLL (open, high, low, last) type symbol representative ofchanges in price during a time period in which an open price occurred ata start of the time period, a highest price occurred at a first timewithin the time period, a lowest price occurred at a second time withinthe time period, a last price occurred at a third time within the timeperiod and the third time occurred before an end of the time period, themethod includes generating, by a charting engine, the OHLL type symbolby drawing a spatiotemporal relationship between the open price, thehighest price, the lowest price, and the last price in accordance with aselected symbol rendering method, wherein a height of the OHLL typesymbol indicates a difference between the highest price and the lowestprice, a width of the OHLL type symbol indicates a difference betweenthe start of the time period and the third time, a width between thehighest price and the lowest price indicates a difference between thefirst time and the second time, and displaying, by the charting engine,the generated OHLL type symbol.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying an HLL (high, low, last) type symbol representative ofchanges in price during a time period in which a highest price occurredat a first time within the time period, and a lowest price occurred at asecond time within the time period, the method includes receiving a lastprice corresponding to a third time within the time period wherein it isdetermined that the received last price is lower than the highest priceand higher than the lowest price and the third time occurred before anend of the time period, in response to determining that the receivedlast price is lower than the highest price and higher than the lowestprice, generating, by a charting engine, the HLL type symbol by drawinga spatiotemporal relationship between the highest price, the lowestprice, and the last price in accordance with a selected symbol renderingmethod, wherein a height of the HLL type symbol indicates a differencebetween the highest price and the lowest price, a width of the HLL typesymbol indicates a difference between the third time and an earlier ofthe first time and the second time, and a width between the highestprice and the lowest price indicates a difference between the first timeand the second time, and displaying, by the charting engine, thegenerated HLL type symbol.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying an HLL (high, low, last) type symbol representative ofchanges in price during a time period in which a highest price occurredat a first time within the time period, and a lowest price occurred at asecond time within the time period, the method includes receiving a lastprice corresponding to a third time within the time period, comparingthe last price to the highest price and the lowest price, in response tothe comparing step, updating the highest price with the last price andupdating the highest price to correspond to the third time if the lastprice is greater than or equal to the highest price and updating thelowest price with the last price and updating the lowest price tocorrespond to the third time if the last price is less than or equal tothe lowest price, generating, by a charting engine, the HLL type symbolby drawing a spatiotemporal relationship between the highest price, thelowest price, and the last price in accordance with a selected symbolrendering method, wherein a height of the HLL type symbol indicates adifference between the highest price and the lowest price and a width ofthe HLL type symbol indicates a difference between the third time and anearlier of when the highest price occurred and the lowest priceoccurred, and displaying, by the charting engine, the generated HLL typesymbol at a particular position.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a methodfor generating a data structure, the data structure being used togenerate an HLC or OHLC type symbol, the method includes receiving aplurality of prices, each price corresponding to a unique time within atime period, determining, from the received plurality of the prices, anopen price corresponding to a start of the time period, a highest pricecorresponding to a first time within the time period, a lowest pricecorresponding to a second time within the time period, and a close pricecorresponding to an end of the time period, calculating a highest symbolposition value indicating when the first time occurred between the startof the time period and the end of the time period, calculating a lowestsymbol position value indicating when the second time occurred betweenthe start of the time period and the end of the time period, and storingthe time period, the open price, the highest price, the lowest price,the close price, the highest symbol position value, and the lowestsymbol position value in association with one another in the datastructure on a non-transitory computer readable medium.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a method forgenerating a data structure, the data structure being used to generatean HLL or OHLL type symbol, the method includes receiving a plurality ofprices, each price corresponding to a unique time within a time period,determining, from the received plurality of the prices, an open pricecorresponding to a start of the time period, a highest pricecorresponding to a first time within the time period, a lowest pricecorresponding to a second time within the time period, and a last pricecorresponding to a third time within the time period, calculating ahighest symbol position value indicating when the first time occurredbetween the start of the time period and the end of the time period,calculating a lowest symbol position value indicating when the secondtime occurred between the start of the time period and the end of thetime period, calculating a symbol partial-width value indicating whenthe third time occurred between the start of the time period and the endof the time period, and storing the time period, the open price, thehighest price, the lowest price, the last price, the highest symbolposition value, the lowest symbol position value, and the symbolpartial-width value in association with one another in the datastructure on a non-transitory computer readable medium.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a methodfor generating a data structure, the data structure being used togenerate an HLC or OHLC type symbol, the method includes receiving aplurality of OHLC data, each piece of the OHLC data corresponding to aunique intra-time period within a time period, determining, from thereceived plurality of the OHLC data, an open price corresponding to astart of the time period, a highest price corresponding to a firstintra-time period, a lowest price corresponding to a second intra-timeperiod, and a close price corresponding to an end of the time period,calculating a highest symbol position value indicating when the firstintra-time period occurred between the start of the time period and theend of the time period, calculating a lowest symbol position valueindicating when the second intra-time period occurred between the startof the time period and the end of the time period, and storing the timeperiod, the open price, the highest price, the lowest price, the closeprice, the highest symbol position value, and the lowest symbol positionvalue in association with one another in the data structure on anon-transitory computer readable medium.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, an apparatusincludes processing circuitry configured to receive, from a requestor, arequest to obtain OHLC data representative of a time period, access, foreach intra-time period of a plurality of intra-time periods in the timeperiod, intra-time price data including an intra-time open price, anintra-time high price, an intra-time low price, and an intra-time closeprice corresponding to the intra-time period, determine, from theaccessed intra-time price data for the plurality of intra-time periods,an open price, which is an intra-time open price of an initialintra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods and a closeprice, which is an intra-time close price of a last intra-time period ofthe plurality of intra-time periods, determine, from the intra-time highprice of each of the plurality of intra-time periods, a highest priceoccurring within a first intra-time period of the plurality ofintra-time periods and from the intra-time low price of each of theplurality of intra-time periods, a lowest price occurring within asecond intra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods,generate a first normalization value indicative of a positionalrelationship between the first intra-time period and the time period anda second normalization value indicative of a positional relationshipbetween the second intra-time period and the time period, and send, tothe requestor, a response including the determined open price, thedetermined highest price, the determined lowest price, the determinedclose price, the generated first normalization value, and the generatedsecond normalization value.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying a symbol representative of changes in price during a timeperiod in which a highest price occurred at a first time within the timeperiod, a lowest price occurred at a second time within the time period,and a last price occurred at a third time within the time period, inwhich the last price is lower than the highest price and higher than thelowest price, the method includes receiving a bid price and an ask pricecorresponding to a fourth time within the time period, wherein there isno new last price corresponding to the fourth time, determining whetherthe last price is lower than the bid price or higher than the ask price,in response to the determining that the last price is not lower than thebid price and not higher than the ask price, updating the last price tocorrespond to the fourth time, and generating, by a charting engine, thesymbol by drawing, at a first luminosity level, a spatiotemporalrelationship between the highest price, the lowest price, and the lastprice in accordance with a selected symbol rendering method, in responseto the determining that the last price is lower than the bid price orhigher than the ask price, generating an estimated last price from thebid price and the ask price, the estimated last price corresponding tothe fourth time, and generating, by a charting engine, the symbol bydrawing, at a second luminosity level, a spatiotemporal relationshipbetween the highest price, the lowest price, and the estimated lastprice in accordance with a selected symbol rendering method, anddisplaying, by the charting engine, the generated symbol at a particularposition.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying an OHLC (open, high, low, close) type symbol representativeof changes in price during a time period, the time period having a firstduration T, the method includes receiving an intra-time-periodresolution value N, calculating a second duration by dividing T by N,obtaining N rows of OHLC data, wherein each row of the obtained OHLCdata is representative of price changes over a time period having thesecond duration, and displaying at least one OHLC type symbol generatedbased on the received N rows of OHLC data.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a method forlabeling a time period on a time axis of an OHLC or OHLL type symbol,the method includes labeling a start of the time period positionedvertically below a left-most point or surface of the OHLC or OHLL typesymbol.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a methodfor displaying a price chart, the price chart including a plurality ofregions, the method includes displaying, by a charting engine, a firstregion including one or more historical completedprice-range-over-time-range-type symbols, displaying, by the chartingengine, a second region adjacent to the first region, the second regionincluding a current uncompleted pricerange-over-an-uncompleted-time-range-type symbol corresponding to anuncompleted time range, and in response to determining that theuncompleted time range has completed, generating and displaying, in thefirst region, by the charting engine, a new historical completedprice-range-over-time-range-type symbol adjacent to the one or morehistorical completed-price-range-over-time-range-type symbols, anderasing, in the second region, the current uncompletedprice-range-over-an-uncompleted-time-range-type symbol.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying changes in price, the method including determining whether aconfiguration option to include a display of one or more closed markettime gaps is selected, in response to determining that the configurationoption to include the display of the one or more closed market time gapsis not selected, displaying a first price range that occurred during afirst live open market and displaying a second price range that occurredduring a second live open market adjacent to the first price range,wherein the second live open market occurred after the first live openmarket, and in response to determining that the configuration option toinclude the display of the one or more closed market time gaps isselected, displaying the first price range that occurred during thefirst live open market, displaying the closed market time gap includingcontent in accordance with a selected time gap fill method adjacent tothe first price range, and displaying the second price range adjacent tothe content of the closed market time gap.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying a plurality of price range symbols, each price range symbolbeing representative of a time period, each time period having a sameduration, the method includes generating and displaying, by a chartingengine, a first of one or more price range symbols positioned startingat a first position corresponding to a first time and having a firstsymbol width spanning the time period, and generating and displaying, bythe charting engine, a second of one or more price range symbolspositioned starting at a second position corresponding to a second timeand having a second symbol width spanning the time period, wherein thesecond time occurred after the first time and the second symbol width iswider than the first symbol width.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying a symbol representative of changes in price during a timeperiod, the method includes receiving, for each intra-time period of aplurality of intra-time periods in the time period, intra-time pricedata including an intra-time open price, an intra-time close price, andan intra-time volume corresponding to the intra-time period,determining, from the received intra-time price data for the pluralityof intra-time periods, an open price, which is an intra-time open priceof an initial intra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periodsand a close price, which is an intra-time close price of a lastintra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods, determining,from the intra-time volume of each of the plurality of intra-timeperiods, a highest intra-time volume occurring within a first intra-timeperiod of the plurality of intra-time periods and a lowest intra-timevolume occurring within a second intra-time period of the plurality ofintra-time periods, generating a volume normalization value for theintra-time volume of each of the plurality of intra-time periods usingthe lowest intra-time volume and the highest intra-time volume,generating, by a charting engine, a candle body from the open price andthe close price, wherein a height of the candle body indicates adifference between the open price and the close price, and a width ofthe candle body indicates a difference between a start time of the timeperiod and an end time of the time period, generating, by a chartingengine, in accordance with a selected intra-time volume renderingmethod, a body fill area from each of the generated volume normalizationvalues of each of the plurality of intra-time periods, and displaying,by the charting engine, the symbol, which includes the candle body andthe body fill area within the candle body.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying a symbol representative of changes in price during a timeperiod, the method includes receiving historical intra-time price data,receiving, for each intra-time period of a plurality of intra-timeperiods in the time period, intra-time price data including anintra-time open price, an intra-time high price, an intra-time lowprice, an intra-time close price, and an intra-time volume,corresponding to the intra-time period, determining, from the receivedintra-time price data for the plurality of intra-time periods, an openprice, which is an intra-time open price of an initial intra-time periodof the plurality of intra-time periods and a close price, which is anintra-time close price of a last intra-time period of the plurality ofintra-time periods, generating, from the intra-time price data of eachof the plurality of intra-time periods and the historical intra-timeprice data, a technical indicator normalization value for each of theplurality of intra-time periods, generating, by a charting engine, acandle body from the open price and the close price, wherein a height ofthe candle body indicates a difference between the open price and theclose price, and a width of the candle body indicates a differencebetween a start time of the time period and an end time of the timeperiod, generating, by the charting engine, in accordance with aselected intra-time technical indicator rendering method, a body fillarea from each of the generated technical indicator normalization valuesof each of the plurality of intra-time periods, and displaying, by thecharting engine, the symbol, which includes the candle body and the bodyfill area within the candle body.

In accordance with yet another aspect of the present disclosure, amethod of displaying a plurality of price range symbols, each pricerange symbol being representative of a time period and an amount ofhistorical volume, each time period having a same duration, the methodincludes in response to determining that a received last price is also aclose price of a range of prices of a current time period, determiningan amount of current volume for the current time period, determining alowest amount of volume and a highest amount of volume from the amountof the current volume and from the amount of the historical volumecorresponding to at least a portion of each of the plurality of pricerange symbols, generating a volume normalization value for the amount ofthe current volume and for the amount of the historical volumecorresponding to at least a portion of each of the plurality of pricerange symbols using the lowest amount of volume and the highest amountof volume, generating, by a charting engine, at least a portion of theplurality of price range symbols, each price range symbol having aluminosity level corresponding to its generated volume normalizationvalue and generating a current completed price range symbol based uponthe range of prices of the current time period having a luminosity levelcorresponding to its generated volume normalization value with respectto the amount of current volume, and displaying, by the charting engine,the at least a portion of the plurality of price range symbols and thecurrent completed price range symbol.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying a symbol representative of changes in price during a timeperiod, the method includes receiving, for each intra-time period of aplurality of intra-time periods in the time period, intra-time pricedata including an intra-time open price and an intra-time close pricecorresponding to the intra-time period, determining, from the receivedintra-time price data for the plurality of intra-time periods, an openprice, which is an intra-time open price of an initial intra-time periodof the plurality of intra-time periods, and a close price, which is anintra-time close price of a last intra-time period of the plurality ofintra-time periods, determining, for each intra-time period of theplurality of intra-time periods, a value indicating whether or not theintra-time close price of the intra-time period is higher than the openprice, so as to determine a plurality of values, generating, by acharting engine, a candle body from the open price and the close price,wherein a height of the candle body indicates a difference between theopen price and the close price, and a width of the candle body indicatesa difference between a start time of the time period and an end time ofthe time period, generating, by the charting engine, a filled intra-bodyfill area for each intra-time period of the plurality of intra-timeperiods, each filled intra-body fill area filled in accordance with thevalue of the plurality of values corresponding to the intra-time periodof the plurality of intra-time periods, and displaying, by the chartingengine, the symbol, which includes the candle body and the plurality ofintra-body fill areas within the candle body.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying a symbol representative of changes in price during a timeperiod, the method includes receiving, for each intra-time period of aplurality of intra-time periods in the time period, intra-time pricedata including an intra-time open price, an intra-time high price, anintra-time low price, and an intra-time close price corresponding to theintra-time period, determining, from the received intra-time price datafor the plurality of intra-time periods, an open price, which is anintra-time open price of an initial intra-time period of the pluralityof intra-time periods, determining, from the intra-time high price ofeach of the plurality of intra-time periods, a total-higher-high-pricecounter value, determining, from the intra-time close price of each ofthe plurality of intra-time periods compared to the open price, atotal-above-open-price counter value, and generating and displaying, bya charting engine, the symbol, which illustrates a relationship betweenthe total-higher-high price counter value and the total-above-open-pricecounter value.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying a symbol representative of changes in price during a timeperiod, the method includes receiving, for each intra-time period of aplurality of intra-time periods in the time period, intra-time pricedata including an intra-time open price, an intra-time high price, anintra-time low price, and an intra-time close price corresponding to theintra-time period, determining, from the received intra-time price datafor the plurality of intra-time periods, an open price, which is anintra-time open price of an initial intra-time period of the pluralityof intra-time periods, determining, from the intra-time low price ofeach of the plurality of intra-time periods, a total-lower-low-pricecounter value, determining, from the intra-time close price of each ofthe plurality of intra-time periods compared to the open price, atotal-below-open-price counter value, and generating and displaying, bya charting engine, the symbol, which illustrates a relationship betweenthe total-below-open-price counter value and the total-lower-low-pricecounter value.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a method ofdisplaying a symbol representative of changes in price during a timeperiod, the method includes receiving, for each intra-time period of aplurality of intra-time periods in the time period, intra-time pricedata including an intra-time open price, an intra-time high price, anintra-time low price, and an intra-time close price corresponding to theintra-time period, determining, from the received intra-time price datafor the plurality of intra-time periods, an open price, which is anintra-time open price of an initial intra-time period of the pluralityof intra-time periods, determining, from the intra-time high price ofeach of the plurality of intra-time periods, a total-higher-high-pricecounter value, determining, from the intra-time low price of each of theplurality of intra-time periods, a total-lower-low-price counter value,determining, from the intra-time close price of each of the plurality ofintra-time periods compared to the open price, a total-above-open-pricecounter value, a total-equal-open-price counter value, and atotal-below-open-price counter value, and generating and displaying, bya charting engine, the symbol, which illustrates a relationship betweenthe total-higher-high-price counter value, the total-above-open-pricecounter value, the total-equal-open-price counter value, thetotal-below-open-price counter value and the total-lower-low-pricecounter value.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a method forgenerating a data structure, the data structure being used to generate asymbol representative of changes in price during a time period, themethod includes receiving, for each intra-time period of a plurality ofintra-time periods in the time period, intra-time price data includingan intra-time open price and an intra-time close price corresponding tothe intra-time period, determining, from the received intra-time pricedata for the plurality of intra-time periods, an open price, which is anintra-time open price of an initial intra-time period of the pluralityof intra-time periods, and a close price, which is an intra-time closeprice of a last intra-time period of the plurality of intra-timeperiods, determining, for each intra-time period of the plurality ofintra-time periods, a value indicating whether or not the intra-timeclose price of the intra-time period is higher than the open price, soas to determine a plurality of values, and storing the time period, theopen price, the close price, and the determined plurality of values inassociation with one another in the data structure on a non-transitorycomputer readable medium.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a methodfor generating a data structure, the data structure being used togenerate a symbol representative of changes in price during a timeperiod, the method includes receiving, for each intra-time period of aplurality of intra-time periods in the time period, intra-time pricedata including an intra-time open price, an intra-time high price, anintra-time low price, and an intra-time close price corresponding to theintra-time period, determining, from the received intra-time price datafor the plurality of intra-time periods, an open price, which is anintra-time open price of an initial intra-time period of the pluralityof intra-time periods, a highest price, which is an intra-time highprice of a first intra-time period of the plurality of intra-timeperiods, a lowest price, which is an intra-time low price of a secondintra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods, and a closeprice, which is an intra-time close price of a last intra-time period ofthe plurality of intra-time periods, determining, from the intra-timehigh price of each of the plurality of intra-time periods, atotal-higher-high-price counter value, determining, from the intra-timeclose price of each of the plurality of intra-time periods compared tothe open price, a total-above-open-price counter value, and storing thetime period, the open price, the highest price, the lowest price, theclose price, the total-higher-high-price-counter value, and thetotal-above-open-price counter value in association with one another inthe data structure on a non-transitory computer readable medium.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, a method forgenerating a data structure, the data structure being used to generate asymbol representative of changes in price during a time period, themethod includes receiving, for each intra-time period of a plurality ofintra-time periods in the time period, intra-time price data includingan intra-time open price, an intra-time high price, an intra-time lowprice, and an intra-time close price corresponding to the intra-timeperiod, determining, from the received intra-time price data for theplurality of intra-time periods, an open price, which is an intra-timeopen price of an initial intra-time period of the plurality ofintra-time periods, a highest price, which is an intra-time high priceof a first intra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods, alowest price, which is an intra-time low price of a second intra-timeperiod of the plurality of intra-time periods, and a close price, whichis an intra-time close price of a last intra-time period of theplurality of intra-time periods, determining, from the intra-time lowprice of each of the plurality of intra-time periods, atotal-lower-low-price counter value, determining, from the intra-timeclose price of each of the plurality of intra-time periods compared tothe open price, a total-below-open-price counter value, and storing thetime period, the open price, the highest price, the lowest price, theclose price, the total-lower-low-price counter value, and thetotal-below-open-price counter value in association with one another inthe data structure on a non-transitory computer readable medium.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, a methodfor generating a data structure, the data structure being used togenerate a symbol representative of changes in price during a timeperiod, the method includes receiving, for each intra-time period of aplurality of intra-time periods in the time period, intra-time pricedata including an intra-time open price, an intra-time high price, anintra-time low price, and an intra-time close price corresponding to theintra-time period, determining, from the received intra-time price datafor the plurality of intra-time periods, an open price, which is anintra-time open price of an initial intra-time period of the pluralityof intra-time periods, a highest price, which is an intra-time highprice of a first intra-time period of the plurality of intra-timeperiods, a lowest price, which is an intra-time low price of a secondintra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods, and a closeprice, which is an intra-time close price of a last intra-time period ofthe plurality of intra-time periods, determining, from the intra-timehigh price of each of the plurality of intra-time periods, atotal-higher-high price counter value, determining, from the intra-timelow price of each of the plurality of intra-time periods, atotal-lower-low price counter value, determining, from the intra-timeclose price of each of the plurality of intra-time periods compared tothe open price, a total-above-open price counter value, atotal-equal-open-price counter value, and a total-below-open-pricecounter value, and storing the time period, the open price, the highestprice, the lowest price, the close price, the total-higher-high-pricecounter value, the total-above-open-price counter value, thetotal-equal-open-price counter value, the total-below-open-price countervalue and the total-lower-low-price counter value in association withone another in the data structure on a non-transitory computer readablemedium.

In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, there isprovided an article of manufacture including a non-transitory computerreadable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructionsconfigured to cause a computer to perform operations including one ormore a computer implemented methods described above.

In accordance with another aspect of the present disclosure, anapparatus includes a memory element of a computer configured to storecomputer-readable instructions in operative association with a processorfor the computer configured to read and execute the computer readableinstructions stored in the non-transitory computer readable mediumdescribed above.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1-A is a prior art illustration of a bullish OHLC price bar.

FIG. 1-B is a prior art illustration of a bullish candlestick.

FIG. 1-C is a prior art illustration of a bearish candlestick.

FIG. 1-D is a prior art illustration of different types of candlesticks.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary distributed computer system inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating exemplary information recordsstored in memory in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 4-A is a prior art depiction of a portion of a data structure formarket data such as time/sales data.

FIG. 4-B is a prior art depiction of a portion of a data structure formarket data such as OHLC data.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for processing anorder in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 is an illustration of how different kinds of candlesticks can begenerated in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 7-A is an illustration of enhanced candlesticks having both anupper wick and lower wick that can be generated in accordance with thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 7-B is an illustration of more enhanced candlesticks that can begenerated in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 8-A is a block diagram of a processor used to produce enhanced OHLCdata in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 8-B is a depiction of a portion of a data structure for theenhanced OHLC data in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a candlestick in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingor modifying the display of a candlestick in accordance with the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 11-A is an illustration of an enhanced HLC price bar that can begenerated in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 11-B is an illustration of enhanced OHLC price bars that can begenerated in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 12 is an illustration of enhanced OHLC price bars that can bedynamically generated in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 13-A is an illustration of alternate enhanced candlesticks that canbe generated in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 13-B is an illustration of alternate enhanced OHLC price bars thatcan be generated in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingor modifying the display of a candlestick in accordance with the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingor modifying the display of a candlestick in accordance with the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingor modifying the display of a OHLC price bar in accordance with thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a HLC price bar in accordance with the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying an OHLC type of price bar in accordance with the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 19 is an illustration of enhanced OHLC price symbols that can begenerated in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingor displaying an alternate OHLC price symbol in accordance with thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingor displaying another alternate OHLC price symbol in accordance with thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 22 is an illustration of enhanced OHLC symbol and HLC price symbolthat can be generated in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a candlestick in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 24 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a HLC symbol in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 25 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a OHLC symbol in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 26-A is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a price range symbol in accordance with the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 26-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a candlestick in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 27-A is an illustration of an enhanced candlestick including aplurality of upper and lower wicks that can be generated in accordancewith the present disclosure.

FIG. 27-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a candlestick including a second upper wick and secondlower wick in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 27-C is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a candlestick including a plurality of upper wicks andlower wicks in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 28-A is a diagram depicting an exemplary configuration settingsinterface in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 28-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying an OHLC type symbol from obtained OHLC data in accordancewith the present disclosure.

FIG. 29-A is an illustration of an end of time period demarcationindicator in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 29-B is an illustration of a price chart including price rangesymbols with a plurality of fixed widths in accordance with the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 29-C is a prior art illustration of a candlestick price chart withtime axis labels in the middle of each time period.

FIG. 29-D is an illustration of a candlestick price chart with time axislabels at the start of each time period in accordance with the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 29-E is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a price chart including a plurality of regions inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 30-A is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a demarcation indicator in accordance with the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 30-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a magnified width of a portion of a plurality of pricerange symbols in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 31-A is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingan OHLL type symbol in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 31-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatinga ghost symbol in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 31-C is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingan HLL type symbol in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 32 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generating aprice range symbol in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 33-A is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatinga data structure used to generate a HLC or OHLC type symbol inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 33-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatinga data structure used to generate a HLL or OHLL type symbol inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 33-C is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed forcalculating a symbol partial-width value based upon when the last priceoccurred during a time period in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 33-D is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatinga data structure corresponding to a plurality of intra-time periods usedto generate a HLC or OHLC type symbol in accordance with the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 34 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed of an apparatusconfigured to generate normalization values indicative of a positionalrelationship in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 35-A is an illustration of a OHLC type price chart including timegaps during a closed market in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 35-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed displayingcontent within closed market time gaps in accordance with the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 36-A is an illustration of a price chart including price rangesymbols having a plurality of fixed widths in accordance with thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 36-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a price range symbol in accordance with the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 37 is a prior art illustration of a candlestick price chartincluding technical indicators.

FIG. 38-A is an illustration of candlesticks including intra-time volumeby luminosity level in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 38-B is an illustration of candlesticks including intra-timetechnical indicator by histogram in accordance with the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 39-A is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a price range symbol with a selected intra-time volumerendering method in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 39-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a price range symbol with a selected intra-time technicalindicator rendering method in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 40 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a plurality of price range symbols having normalizedluminosity levels corresponding to volume in accordance with the presentdisclosure.

FIG. 41-A is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatinga price range type symbol in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 41-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatinga data structure used to generate a price range type symbol inaccordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 42 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generating,updating, storing, and displaying price range summary data during a timeperiod in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 43-A is an illustration of an enhanced candlestick including acandle body having a plurality of intra-body fill areas in accordancewith the present disclosure.

FIG. 43-B is an illustration of price activity summary data during atime period in accordance with the present disclosure.

FIG. 43-C is an illustration of a bullish-bearish off-chart indicator inaccordance with the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure will now be described with reference to thedrawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to likeelements disclosed herein.

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary system for providing a distributedcomputer system 200 in accordance with one aspect of the presentdisclosure and includes one or more network access devices such asdevice of a user 210, connected via an operative connection 215 and anetwork 220. The network 220 can use Internet communications protocols(IP) to allow network access devices 210 to communicate with each otherto communicate securities, derivatives, currencies, and digital assetmarket data 225 stored and streamed from the cloud via at least one dataprovider device 230, for example. Such market data can include tick dataand more particularly bid/ask tick data. Such network access devices 210and data provider devices 230 can be configured as client/server,peer-to-peer, publish-subscribe, processing agent, ad-hoc,etc. It isunderstood that a single network access device 210 and a data providerdevice 230 may be configured to perform both the client/server orpublisher/subscriber roles.

The communication device of such network access device may include atransceiver, a modem, a network interface card, or other interfacedevices to communicate with the electronic network 220 and may furtherbe operatively coupled to and/or include a Global Positioning System(GPS) via a GPS receiver (not shown). The modem may communicate with theelectronic network 220 via a line 215 such as a telephone line, an ISDNline, a coaxial line, a cable television line, a fiber optic line, or acomputer network line. Alternatively, the modem may wirelesslycommunicate with the electronic network 220. The electronic network 220may provide an on-line service, an Internet service provider, a localarea network service, a wide area network service, a cable televisionservice, a wireless data service, an intranet, a satellite service, orthe like.

Such network access devices may be hand held devices, palmtop computers,personal digital assistants (PDAs), tablets, notebook, laptop, portablecomputers, desktop PCs, workstations, and/or larger/smaller computersystems. It is noted that the network access devices may have a varietyof forms, including but not limited to, a general purpose computer, anetwork computer, an internet television, a set top box, a web-enabledtelephone, an internet appliance, a portable wireless device, a gameplayer, a video recorder, and/or an audio component, for example.

Each network access device may typically include one or more memories310, processors 315, and input/output devices 320. An input device maybe any suitable device for the user to give input, for example: akeyboard, a 10-key pad, a telephone key pad, a light pen or any penpointing device, a touchscreen, a button, a dial, a joystick, a steeringwheel, a foot pedal, a mouse, a trackball, an optical or magneticrecognition unit such as a bar code or magnetic swipe reader, a voice orspeech recognition unit, a remote control attached via cable or wirelesslink to a game set, television, and/or cable box. A data glove, aneye-tracking device, or any MIDI device may also be used. A displaydevice may be any suitable output device, such as a display screen,text-to-speech converter, printer, plotter, fax, television set, oraudio player. Although the input device is typically separate from thedisplay device, they may be combined; for example: a display with anintegrated touchscreen, a display with an integrated keyboard, or aspeech-recognition unit combined with a text-to-speech converter.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the computer environment200 shown in FIG. 2 is intended to be merely illustrative. The presentdisclosure may also be practiced in other computing environments. Forexample, the present disclosure may be practiced in multiple processorenvironments wherein the network access device includes multipleprocessors. Moreover, the network access device need not include all ofthe input/output devices 320 as discussed above and may also includeadditional devices. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that thepresent disclosure may also be practiced via Intranets and moregenerally in distributed environments in which a network access devicerequests resources from another network access device.

FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a storage device such as memory310 in operative association with a processor 315. The processor 315 isoperatively coupled to input/output devices 320 in network accessdevices of users and market participants of market data 225 such astraders, investors, market makers, brokers, bankers, analysts,researchers, etc. Market data 225 can be real-time tick data orhistorical data and also include order book data including bid/ask data.Stored in memory 310 can be information records 325 having anycombination of exemplary content such as lists, files, relationalpointers, programs, interfaces, engines, modules, templates, rule sets,libraries, and databases. Such records can include for example: userinterface/templates/programs/APIs (application programming interface)330, configuration settings 335, charting engine and technical analysismodule and trading software 340, time/sales data 345, OHLC data 350, andAI/pattern recognition module 355. These information records will befurther introduced and discussed in more detail herein.

FIG. 4-A illustrates a portion of a data structure for market data 225such as time/sales data 345. The data structure can include data fieldssuch as a date/time 410, security or derivative symbol 415, sales price420, size (e.g., number of shares or contracts, etc.) of the sale 425,and the exchange 430 that the sale took place.

FIG. 4-B illustrates a portion of a data structure for market data 225such as OHLC data 350. The data structure can include data fields 440including a date/time 410, an open price 134, a high price 142, a lowprice 150, a close price 138, and a volume. Each data record isrepresentative of such data for a given time period, and in turn, isused to represent a plurality of intra-time periods within a largergiven time period. For instance, each data record shows the OHLC datafor a one minute interval based on the time data which can define afirst intra-time period 445, a second intra-time period 450, a thirdintra-time period 455, and can continue to an endless number ofintra-time periods up to a last or final intra-time period. Forinstance, if the given time period of interest is a five minuteinterval, then five data records of one minute intervals would be usedto as five intra-time periods.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the correspondence andoperative association between data fields and/or data files can take onone-to-one, one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many relationships.Relationships of data structures can take the form of delimited files,lists, tables, arrays, hashes, database records, objects, trees, graphs,rings, hub-spoke, and the like.

Candlestick patterns are commonly used in technical analysis to describeprice movements over time of traded objects of value such as securities(e.g., stocks, bonds, ETFs, mutual funds, etc.), derivatives (e.g.,options, forwards, futures, swaps, etc.), indices, commodities, orcurrencies further including cryptocurrencies as a class of digitalasset. Other digital assets can include tokens, non-fungible tokens(NFTs), and the tokenization of contracts, physical assets such as realproperty, intangible property, and intellectual property. Suchcandlestick symbols and patterns can further depict the ratio of pricemovements between a plurality of assets, currency pairs includingcryptocurrency pairs and token pairs, or traded objects of value.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a candlestick in accordance with the present disclosure.When a network access device 210 receives asset type market data 225including OHLC data 350 a device processor 315 in operativecommunication with a charting engine 340 can generate and display instep 510 a first vertical line with a height representative of a rangebetween a first high price and first low price from the OHLC data of afirst intra-time period and then generate and display in step 515 asecond vertical line with a height representative of a range between asecond high price and second low price from a OHLC data of a secondintra-time period.

A body from an open price of the time period and a close price of thesecond intra-time period can be generated in step 520 and a highestintra-time period from each high price and a lowest intra-time periodfrom each low price of each intra-time period can be determined in step525. The candlestick can be generated and displayed in step 530 byoverlaying the body upon the first and second vertical line and removingall portions of all vertical lines outside of the body from allintra-time periods other than from above the body of the highestintra-time period and below the body of the lowest intra-time period toform at least one of an upper wick and lower wick, respectively.

FIG. 6 is an illustration of how different types of candlesticks can begenerated in accordance with the present disclosure. A series of fiveOHLC prices are shown in 610 in this case shown in the form ofcandlesticks. For the sake of example each candlestick represents a oneminute time period. The illustration shows what a prior art five minutecandlestick would look like in row 620 when rendering it through knownconventional techniques as each of the five OHLC prices having oneminute intervals are processed. Each column represents a different oneminute intra-time period of the five minutes. The first columnrepresenting a first intra-time period 630, a second column representinga second intra-time period 635, a third column representing a thirdintra-time period 640, a fourth column representing a fourth intra-timeperiod 645, and a fifth column representing a fifth intra-time period650.

Adjacent to the right of the five one minute candlesticks 610 shown inaggregate are the progressive sequence 615 of the same candlesticksshown as each intra-time period passes. For instance, after the secondintra-time period 635 one can view the first two one minute candlesticksin the series of five candlesticks 610, after the third intra-timeperiod 640 one can view the first three one minute candlesticks in theseries of five candlesticks 610 and so forth. One can observe thechanging height of the prior art single five minute candlestick shown inrow 620. In all cases the single candlestick has the same fixed widthbody and includes a centerline for displaying upper and lower wickssimilar to how all known charting programs would render candlesticksfrom OHLC prices. The other drawback is that there is no way to tell howmuch of the five minute period has progressed from viewing the prior artcandlestick.

However, a clear distinction can be shown in the last row 660, as eachintra-time period progresses (630, 635, 640, 645, 650) the width of thecandlestick widens as wide as the width of the current and priorintra-time periods rather than being a fixed width during the entirefive minute time period as shown above. This gives a user a visual senseof how much time has passed during the five minute time period. Theother exemplary distinction in accordance with the present disclosure isthat the widening candlestick shows more accurately when the high priceor low price has occurred based on rendering the upper wick in thehighest known intra-time period and the lower wick in the lowest knownintra-time period. By modifying where the wicks are positioned along thebody width of the candlestick provides more specific information as towhen a high and low price have occurred without adding any additionalgraphic information.

The steps as shown in FIG. 5 can be repeated for a plurality ofintra-time periods for the given time period. By so doing, a wideningcandlestick can be dynamically generated and displayed (see 660) byrepetitively displaying a current vertical line from a OHLC data of acurrent intra-time period adjacent to all prior generated vertical linesof all prior intra-time periods and repetitively generating a currentbody and at least one of a current upper wick and lower wick where thewidth of the current body is equal to the sum of the width of thecurrent intra-time period and each width of all the prior intra-timeperiods. This can continue until a final candlestick is generated anddisplayed having a final body and at least one of a final upper wick andlower wick where the width of the final body is equal to the width ofthe time period in this case a five minute time period having five oneminute intra-time periods.

For example, a user may wish to view a chart rendering candlesticks inone hour intervals having access to one minute OHLC data where the bodyis sixty pixels wide. All known charting programs will take an hour tochange the shape of a candlestick having a sixty pixel wide body onceeach minute. However, by employing the methods of the instantdisclosure, a new vertical line one pixel wide is drawn each minuterepresenting the high/low price range of an intra-time period. So afterthirty minutes, the candlestick generated will be thirty pixels widebecause of the thirty vertical lines drawn adjacent to each other insuccession with a thirty pixel wide body overlayed and all pixelsremoved to leave in place the upper and lower wick in their respectivecolumns to visually indicate when the highest price and lowest priceduring the thirty minutes had been discovered. In this example, it couldbe determined at the end of the time period that the high price occurredat the tenth minute of the hour in the tenth intra-time period and a lowprice occurred at the twenty fifth minute of the hour in the twentyfifth intra-time period and as a result an upper wick would be displayedin the tenth pixel column representative of the tenth intra-time periodand the lower wick would be displayed in the twenty fifth pixel columnrepresentative of the twenty fifth intra-time period.

If there are price gaps between two adjacent vertical lines they can getfilled when the body is overlayed across those lines. In a bullishcandle where the close price is higher than the open price, the body isfilled white to remove all pixels inside the body frame. Most of thebody is already technically drawn because each column of pixelsrepresenting each vertical line for each intra-time period are drawnadjacent to each other.

Further a given time period and/or an intra-time period can scale fromthe execution of a single sale price known as tick data to data of abatch or group of ticks to an interval of a second to seconds or minuteto minutes or hour to hours or day to days or week to weeks or month tomonths or year to years and beyond. The term “time period” is usedprimarily throughout since most charting examples shown are time periodbased price charts and bar charts. However, it is understood to one ofordinary skill of the art that similar charts can be based on intervalsother than time such as a predetermined number of ticks or apredetermined amount of volume or a predetermined range of price, toname a few. Essentially, there is a category of data-based chartintervals that enable market participants to view charts that are drivenby factors other than time. Therefore, the term, “time period” can befurther extended to mean a predetermined interval of units other thantime such as ticks, volume, and price range, and charts can be furtherextended to mean charts other than price charts and bar charts, and canalso refer to volume charts, tick charts, range bar charts, three linebreak charts, point and figure charts, kagi charts, and renko charts,for example.

In the alternative, if dynamic generation of a widening enhancedcandlestick requires too much computing resources then configurationsettings 335 can be used to only display the final enhanced candlestickat the end of the last intra-time period which is the same time as theend of the time period itself. So it is possible to show prior artcenterline candlesticks corresponding to price changes during the timeperiod before showing the permanent final enhanced candlestickrepresentative of the whole time period at the end of the time period.

When the trading interface including the charting engine is closed,cached data is automatically saved to the local database such that thenext time a user requests a chart, the data is loaded from the cache ordatabase first, then missing historical data and real-time data arerequested from the data provider.

FIG. 7-A is an illustration of enhanced candlesticks having both anupper wick and lower wick that can be generated in accordance with thepresent disclosure. In the simplest example take a given time period of2 minutes using one minute OHLC data, the following are basic examplesof what an enhanced candlestick that includes both an upper wick andlower wick can look like. A new enhanced candlestick called a MorningCandle 710 can be formed when both a high price and low price is foundin a first intra-time period. A new enhanced candlestick called aFalling Candle 715 can be formed when a high price is found in a firstintra-time period and a low price found in the second intra-time period.A new enhanced candlestick called a Rising Candle 720 can be formed whena low price is found in a first intra-time period and a high price foundin the second intra-time period. A new enhanced candlestick called anEvening Candle 710 can be formed when both a high price and low price isfound in the second intra-time period. As the intra-time periodsincrease so do the number of combinations of new enhanced candlesticksthat can be generated. Configuration settings 335 can be used to provideoptions whether the upper and lower wicks are displayed at the start,middle, or end of the intra-time period. For instance, the middle wasselected for both upper and lower wicks the wick lines would render ateither the 25% or the 75% along the width of the body.

FIG. 7-B is an illustration of more enhanced candlesticks that can begenerated in accordance with the present disclosure. Now that it isshown how and why wicks of candlesticks can be moved to create enhancedcandlesticks that more accurately indicate when a high price and lowprice has occurred in a given time period a closer look at prior artcandlesticks can be reviewed and shown how they can be enhanced tocreate newer types of candlesticks. For instance the Hanging Man 170 canbroaden into at least two new enhanced candle sticks such as an EarlyHanging Man 730 and a Late Hanging Man 735 or a Shooting Star 175 canbroaden into at least two new enhanced candlesticks such as a MorningShooting Star 740 and an Evening Shooting Star 745 or a Dragonfly Doji180 can broaden into at least two new enhanced candlesticks such as aMorning Dragonfly Doji 750 and an Evening Dragonfly Doji 755 or aGravestone Doji 185 can broaden into at least two new enhancedcandlesticks such as a Morning Gravestone Doji 760 and an EveningGravestone Doji 765 or lastly, a Long-Legged Doji 190 can broaden intoat least two new enhanced candlesticks such as a Falling Long-LeggedDoji 770 and a Rising Long-Legged Doji 775. One can visually see whysuch Long-Legged Dojis would be described as Falling and Risingrespectively as they visually depict whether the high price or low pricecame first and serve as more of a leading indicator as to the degree ornature of indecision that is typically attributed to Doji typecandlesticks.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that scores of enhancedcandlesticks can be named by the use of the techniques described in thisinstant disclosure which may offer greater degree of granularity andinsight toward those speculators applying technical analysis of trendsand reversals based on such new visual information. Further, a singleenhanced candlestick can serve as a visual summary or substitute formore complex conventional candlestick patterns of a plurality ofcandlesticks across multiple intra-time periods.

FIG. 8-A is a block diagram of a processor used to produce enhanced OHLCdata in accordance with the present disclosure. A device processor 315can receive time/sales data 345 and parse through all sales for a giventime period. The first sale of the period is the open price and lastsale of the period is the close price. After all sales are parsed it canbe determined which sale at what time had the highest price as well aswhich sale at what time had the lowest price. OHLC data 350 of prior artis usually produced this way from time/sales data. However such OHLCdata 350 format only discloses price and volume for a time period andneglects to include the absolute time of the high and low price and alsoneglects to include a percentage of time relative to the time period ofthe high and low price. Enhanced OHLC data 810 can be generated by theprocessor and stored to include the absolute time of the highest priceand absolute time of the lowest price for the time period which can bestored as a data record or delimited list. Newly packaged enhanced OHLCdata makes adoption to enhanced candlestick charts quicker and easier.

When time/sales data is not available, enhanced OHLC data 810 can alsobe generated by the processor 315 from known OHLC data 350. Forinstance, investors may not be as concerned with hourly pricefluctuations and might only wish to chart a security with daily OHLCdata. Since there are three hundred ninety minutes in a trading day, theprocessor 315 can parse through intraday OHLC data in one minuteintervals to determine which minute of the day had the highest price andwhich intra-time period of the day had the lowest price. In one example,those intra-time periods can be coded as values of daily percentage oftime of the high price and daily percentage of time of the low pricewhich could be stored as part of the enhanced OHLC daily data 810.

FIG. 8-B is a depiction of a portion of a data structure for theenhanced OHLC data in accordance with the present disclosure. Additionalfields such as time of high price 820, time of low price 825, high pricetime percentage 830, and low price time percentage 835 can be generatedas referenced above, and can be included in the data structure toenhance OHLC data 810. Each record shows an absolute time and can alsoinclude a percentage of time relative to the intra-time period to makeit quicker and easier for charting engines to generate enhancedcandlesticks, as referenced throughout the instant disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a candlestick in accordance with the present disclosure.When a network access device 210 receives security market data 225including enhanced OHLC data 810 a device processor 315 in operativecommunication with a charting engine 340 can calculate in step 910 asize of a body of the candlestick, the body having a width and heightwhere the width is representative of the time period and the height isrepresentative of a range between an open price and a close price duringthe time period and calculate in step 915 a size of at least one of anupper wick and lower wick of the candlestick, the upper wick having aheight representative of a high price at a first time during the timeperiod and the lower wick having a height representative of a low priceat a second time during the time period. After such calculations thecandlestick can be generated in step 920 by connecting a bottom of theupper wick substantially perpendicular to a top of the body, theconnection dividing the top of the body into a first top part and asecond top part where the ratio between the first top part and the topof the body corresponds to the ratio between the first time and the timeperiod and by connecting a top of the lower wick substantiallyperpendicular to a bottom of the body, the connection dividing thebottom of the body into a first bottom part and a second bottom partwhere the ratio between the first bottom part and the bottom of the bodycorresponds to the ratio between the second time and the time period,and display in step 925 the candlestick.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for modifyingthe display of a candlestick in accordance with the present disclosure.When a displayed candlestick is identified in step 1010 with a body andat least one of an upper wick and lower wick, the body having a widthrepresentative of a time period and a height representative of a rangebetween an open price and close price during the time period, the upperwick having a centerline projecting from the top of the body having aheight representative of a high price at a first time during the timeperiod and the lower wick having a centerline projecting from the bottomof the body having a height representative of a low price at a secondtime during the time period the modified candlestick can be generated instep 1020 by moving the upper wick from the centerline to a connectionpoint substantially perpendicular to the top of the body, the connectionpoint dividing the top of the body into a first top part and second toppart where the ratio between the first top part and the top of the bodycorresponds to the ratio between the first time and time period andmoving the lower wick from the centerline to a connection pointsubstantially perpendicular to the bottom of the body, the connectionpoint dividing the bottom of the body into a first bottom part andsecond bottom part where the ratio between the first bottom part and thebottom of the body corresponds to the ratio between the second time andtime period. The modified candlestick can then be displayed in step1030.

Unlike conventional candlesticks that display the wick(s) along acenterline vertical axis one hundred percent of the time, the freedom ofthe instant disclosure to move the upper and lower wicks along the bodyof the candlestick would make enhanced candlesticks with wick(s) along acenterline vertical axis rare and could only happen when either or bothof the high price and low price occur near or around half of the giventime period.

Though it is generally preferred that the wicks are displayed verticalthe term substantially perpendicular is used to allow for alternateaspects of the instant disclosure. The wicks can be adapted to beslightly rotated or tilted forward or backward to indicate pricedirection or momentum during the time period or near the time of thehigh price or low price. Further, tilting each wick along the centerlineof a conventional candlestick can indicate which of a high price and lowprice had occurred first during the time period. The degree a tilt orrotational can be proportional to the length of time between theoccurrence of the high and low price within the given time period.

There are different types of market data available used to render anddisplay an enhanced candlestick chart such as real-time streaming livedata when a given market is open and historical data used for research,technical analysis, and back-testing. Enhanced OHLC data 810 will beparticularly useful for historical data to enable users to visualizeenhanced candlesticks over longer time periods spanning years or decadesif need be.

The methods shown above can be employed from points of view of apublisher/provider and a subscriber/user. For instance, the dataprovider device 230 of a publisher can receive a request to download anenhanced candlestick chart data feed and send a flash object thatincludes the enhanced candlestick chart to the network access device 210of a user or a subscriber that can be opened and displayed in a browseror embedded into an electronic document. Further, the network accessdevice 210 can store in a memory, an enhanced candlestick price chartdisplay applet that runs in a standard Java virtual machine (JVM)executing within a browser or make API calls to receive real-timestreaming enhanced OHLC data 810 and/or enhanced candlestick chartpublishing data from the charting engine of the data provider device.Further, API connections 330 can integrate a real-time streamingenhanced candlestick chart or a OHLC price bar chart module directlywith brokerage trading software including trading portfolios, ordermanagement systems, and accounting systems.

Such enhanced OHLC data flow can be operatively communicated between apublisher/provider and a subscriber/user via a Hyper Text TransferProtocol (HTTP) based query that can utilize a Hyper Text MarkupLanguage (HTML), an eXtensible Markup Language (XML), Dynamic-HTML(DHTML), Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX), JavaScript, Applets, orsome other suitable communication protocol or content format. Furtheropen source charting libraries such as Chart.js, Chartist.js, D3.js,Google Charts, n3-charts, etc. can be modified with newly integratedfunction calls to be used for the dynamic generation and rendering ofOHLC and HLC type symbols presented herein. In one embodiment, a cloudserver can serve as a publisher platform for a Charting as a Service(CaaS) for subscribers to gain access to such new enhanced price chartsthat can further be integrated into interfaces of trading software andsystems for market participants.

The charting engine can be integrated into software, electronicapplications, programs, interfaces, and other functional tools that canbe applied to charting. Such products can be downloadable, web-based,mobile phone-based, or via a mobile application as well as server based,cloud based, or in a virtual environment. Such charting products can beaccessed via a sole charting subscription or can be integrated inconjunction with an online brokerage account to trade, simulate, andback-test the trade of assets.

Due to the expanded visual symbol set of unique enhanced candlesticks, achart pattern recognition and analysis module 355 can be applied toenhanced candlestick, OHLC price bar, or HLC price bar sequences ofvarying pattern length, using Artificial Intelligence type (Al)deterministic algorithms including machine learning algorithms, Bayesiannetworks, neural networks, or fuzzy systems. In some embodiments, anynumber of stochastic algorithms can be implemented including: geneticalgorithms or Monte Carlo algorithms. By applying such methods, aprediction of the next type of enhanced candlestick or price bar thatcould occur in a current unfolding sequence or progression of emergingenhanced candlestick patterns can be made.

The present disclosure includes dynamically generating and displaying awidening candlestick by repetitively displaying a current vertical linefrom a OHLC data of a current intra-time period adjacent (to the right)to all prior displayed generated vertical lines of all prior intra-timeperiods and repetitively generating a current body and at least one of acurrent upper wick and lower wick wherein the width of the current bodyis equal to the sum of the width of the current intra-time period andeach width of all the prior intra-time periods and further includesgenerating and displaying a final candlestick having a final body and atleast one of a final upper wick and lower wick wherein the width of thefinal body is equal to the width of the time period. The disclosure canfurther include generating OHLC data in real-time after each intra-timeperiod from time/sales data streamed during the intra-time period anddetermining from configuration settings 335 whether at least one of anupper and lower wick is displayed at either the start, middle, or end ofthe width of the body for each intra-time period or time period. A timeperiod can range from a fraction of a second to decades.

All the techniques of using the width of a candle body as an intra-timeaxis to proportionately shift the display of upper and lower wicks aswell as the dynamic generation techniques of widening the candle bodyfor each intra-time period can be applied to HLC and OHLC price bars andcharts as well.

FIG. 11-A is an illustration of an enhanced HLC price bar that can begenerated in accordance with the present disclosure. The illustrationvisually compares the prior art of FIG. 1-A, where an OHLC bar has asingle vertical line 110 that shows the high price 114 and the low price118 of a time period with the open price 122 marked by a tick mark onthe left of the vertical line 110, and the close price 126 marked by atick mark on the right of the vertical line 110. This prior art chart isof a price axis only for a discrete interval of time during a timeperiod. Rather than using the vertical line centric to showing OHLC itcan be appreciated that the new HLC price bar 1100 of the instantdisclosure splits the vertical high-low price line into two separatevertical lines of a high price bar 1110 and a low price bar 1115 both ofwhich connect and centric to a horizontal close price bar 1120 thelength of which serving as an intra-time axis for the time period sothat a user viewing this new HLC bar can ascertain when the high pricebar 1110 and low price bar 1115 have respectively occurred during thetime period. Optionally a tick mark for an open price (not shown) couldbe drawn in this case to the left of the low price bar 1115 and turn theenhanced HLC price bar 1100 into an enhanced OHLC price bar.

FIG. 11-B is an illustration of enhanced OHLC price bars that can begenerated in accordance with the present disclosure. A similar techniquethat was applied toward enhancing and changing the function of HLC pricebars can also be applied toward enhancing OHLC price bars (1130,1160).The new OHLC price bar 1130 of the instant disclosure splits thevertical high-low price line into two separate vertical lines of a highprice bar 1140 and a low price bar 1145 both of which connect andcentric to a new open-close price bar 1150 the length of which servingas an intra-time axis for the time period so that a user viewing thisnew OHLC bar can ascertain when the high price bar 1140 and low pricebar 1145 have respectively occurred during the time period. Theopen-close price bar 1150 is drawn as a rising diagonal in this case.This diagonal bar would be the same length and angle as if it served asa diagonal of a candle body (not shown) representative of the heightbetween the open price and close price and the width of the time period.Another new OHLC price bar 1160 also splits the vertical high-low priceline into two separate vertical lines of a high price bar 1170 and a lowprice bar 1175, in this case the high connects perpendicular to ahorizontal close price bar 1180 and the low price bar 1175 connectsperpendicular to a horizontal open price bar 1185. An additionalconnecting bar 1190 could be optionally drawn to connect theintersection of the low-open price bars (1175, 1185) with the high-closeprice bars (1170, 1180). The connecting bar 1190 illustrates the overallprice flow during the time period in between high and low price events.Essentially the present disclosure includes drawing a line between theopen-high perpendicular connection and the low-close perpendicularconnection if the low price occurred after the high price and drawing aline between the open-low perpendicular connection and the high-closeperpendicular connection if the low price occurred before the highprice.

FIG. 12 is an illustration of enhanced OHLC price bars that can bedynamically generated in accordance with the present disclosure. Similarto how row 660 of FIG. 6, shows the progression of each intra-timeperiod (630, 635, 640, 645, 650) where the width of the candlestickwidens as wide as the width of the current and prior intra-time periodsduring the entire time period, such to does row 1200 show theprogression of each intra-time period (1210, 1215, 1220, 1225, 1230) ofenhanced H LC price bars where the width of the horizontal close barprogressively widens during the time period giving a user a visual senseof how much time has passed during the time period. The other exemplarydistinction in accordance with the present disclosure is that thewidening horizontal close bar shows more accurately when the high priceor low price has occurred based on rendering the upper price bar in thehighest known intra-time period and the lower price bar in the lowestknown intra-time period. By modifying where the vertical price bars arepositioned along the horizontal close bar provides more specificinformation as to when a high and low price have occurred during thetime period without adding any additional graphic information. Suchgeneration techniques can also apply to real-time dynamic generation ofenhanced OHLC price bars (1130, 1160). For instance, the size and angleof the open-close price bar 1150 can dynamically change in relation tothe difference between open price and close price for each intra-timeperiod during the time period.

FIG. 13-A is an illustration of alternate enhanced candlesticks that canbe generated in accordance with the present disclosure. Though it hasbeen shown a best mode for carrying out the instant disclosure withcandlesticks are to use the width of the candle body as an intra-timeaxis of a time period to more precisely break up the single centerlinewick into an upper wick and lower wick that can be shifted along thecandle body, that level of detail or granularity might not be neededparticularly in the case of sparse computing resources. In this case,alternate candlesticks can also visually depict which came first, thehigh price or the low price in a given time period. Alternate enhancedcandlestick 1310 shows how only the upper wick is shifted to the rightwhich is enough to signify that the low price came first. Alternateenhanced candlestick 1315 shows how only the upper wick istilted/rotated to the right which is enough to signify that the lowprice came first. Alternate enhanced candlestick 1320 shows how thecenterline wick that represents both the depiction of an upper wick andlower wick is shifted clockwise can visually signify to the user thatthe low price came first. It of course would be apparent that shiftingthe centerline counter-clockwise would signify that the high price camefirst (not shown).

FIG. 13-B is an illustration of alternate enhanced OHLC price bars thatcan be generated in accordance with the present disclosure. Though ithas been shown a best mode for carrying out the instant disclosure withOHLC price bars are to use the width of a price bar spanning from theopen price to close price as an intra-time axis of a time period to moreprecisely break up the single centerline high-low price bar into anupper price bar and lower price bar that can be shifted along theopen-close price bar, that level of detail or granularity might not beneeded particularly in the case of sparse computing resources. In thiscase, alternate OHLC price bars can also visually depict which camefirst, the high price or the low price in a given time period. Alternateenhanced OHLC price bar 1330 shows how only the upper price barrepresentative of the high price is shifted to the right which is enoughto signify that the low price came first. Alternate enhanced OHLC pricebar 1335 shows how only the upper price bar is tilted/rotated to theright which is enough to signify that the low price came first.Alternate enhanced OHLC price bar 1340 shows how the centerline high-lowprice bar is shifted clockwise which can visually signify to the userthat the low price came first. It of course would be apparent thatshifting the centerline counter-clockwise would signify that the highprice came first (not shown).

FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingor modifying the display of a candlestick in accordance with the presentdisclosure. When a candlestick is identified with a body and at leastone of an upper wick and lower wick, the body having a widthrepresentative of a time period and a height representative of a rangebetween an open price and close price during the time period, the upperwick having a centerline projecting from the top of the body having aheight representative of a high price at a first time during the timeperiod and the lower wick having a centerline projecting from the bottomof the body having a height representative of a low price at a secondtime during the time period it can be determined in step 1410 whetherthe low price occurred before the high price during the time period. Ifthe low price did occur first then the candlestick can be modified orgenerated in step 1415 by at least one of a moving the upper wick to theright of centerline to a connection point perpendicular to the top ofthe body and moving the lower wick to the left of centerline to aconnection point perpendicular to the bottom of the body. However, ifthe high price occurred first then the candlestick can be modified orgenerated in step 1420 by at least one of a moving the upper wick to theleft of centerline to a connection point perpendicular to the top of thebody and moving the lower wick to the right of centerline to aconnection point perpendicular to the bottom of the body. In eithercase, the charting engine can then display in step 1430 the modifiedcandlestick (e.g., 1310) visually depicting to the user whether the lowprice occurred before or after the high price during the time period.

FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingor modifying the display of a candlestick in accordance with the presentdisclosure. When a candlestick is identified with a body and at leastone of an upper wick and lower wick, the body having a widthrepresentative of a time period and a height representative of a rangebetween an open price and close price during the time period, the upperwick having a centerline projecting from the top of the body having aheight representative of a high price at a first time during the timeperiod and the lower wick having a centerline projecting from the bottomof the body having a height representative of a low price at a secondtime during the time period it can be determined in step 1510 whetherthe low price occurred before the high price during the time period. Ifthe low price did occur first then the candlestick can be modified orgenerated in step 1515 by at least one of a tilting a top of the upperwick clockwise and tilting a bottom of the lower wick clockwise from apivot on the centerline. However, if the high price occurred first thenthe candlestick can be modified or generated in step 1520 by at leastone of a tilting a top of the upper wick counter-clockwise and tilting abottom of the lower wick counter-clockwise from a pivot on thecenterline. In either case, the charting engine can then display in step1530 the modified candlestick (e.g., 1315,1320) visually depicting tothe user whether the low price occurred before or after the high priceduring the time period.

FIG. 16 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingor modifying the display of a OHLC price bar in accordance with thepresent disclosure. When a OHLC price bar is identified with a verticalprice bar having a center point and a height representative of a rangebetween a high price and low price during the time period it can bedetermined in step 1610 whether the low price occurred before the highprice during the time period. If the low price did occur first then theOHLC price bar can be modified or generated in step 1615 by by tiltingthe vertical price bar clockwise from the center point of the verticalprice bar. However, if the high price occurred first then the OHLC pricebar can be modified or generated in step 1620 by by tilting the verticalprice bar counter-clockwise from the center point of the vertical pricebar. In either case, the charting engine can then display in step 1630the modified OHLC price bar (e.g., 1130,1340) visually depicting to theuser whether the low price occurred before or after the high priceduring the time period.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a HLC price bar in accordance with the presentdisclosure. When a network access device 210 receives market price data225 such as OHLC data 350 (or HLC data only if OHLC data is notavailable) or generates OHLC data 350 representative of intra-time pricedata for each intra-time period in the time period from received marketprice data 225, a device processor 315 in operative communication with acharting engine 340 can generate and display in step 1710 a firstvertical line with a height representative of a range between a firsthigh price and first low price from the OHLC data of a first intra-timeperiod and then generate and display in step 1715 a second vertical linewith a height representative of a range between a second high price andsecond low price from a OHLC data of a second intra-time period.

A highest intra-time period from each high price and a lowest intra-timeperiod from each low price of each intra-time period can be determinedin step 1720 and a HLC bar can be generated in step 1725 including ahorizontal close bar and at least one of an upper bar and lower bar byremoving all portions of all vertical lines above and below the secondclose price from all intra-time periods other than above the secondclose price of the highest intra-time period and below the second closeprice of the lowest intra-time period. The HLC bar can then be displayedin step 1730 by the charting engine 340, the HLC bar visually depictingand enabling the user to see proportional to the horizontal close barwhen the upper bar and the lower bar have occurred during the timeperiod.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying an OHLC type of price bar in accordance with the presentdisclosure. When a network access device 210 receives market price data225 such as OHLC data 350 or generates OHLC data 350 representative ofintra-time price data for each intra-time period in the time period fromreceived market price data 225, a device processor 315 in operativecommunication with a charting engine 340 can generate and display instep 1810 a price bar having a size spanning a time period for a markettraded security and generate in step 1815 at least one of an upper barand lower bar, the upper bar with a height representative of a highprice at a first time and the lower bar with a height representative ofa low price at a second time during the time period.

The upper bar and lower price bar can then be connected in step 1820 tothe price bar by connecting a bottom of the upper bar to a top of theprice bar, the connection dividing the top of the price bar into a firsttop part and a second top part where the ratio between the first toppart and the top of the price bar corresponds to the ratio between thefirst time and the time period and connecting a top of the lower bar toa bottom of the price bar, the connection dividing the bottom of theprice bar into a first bottom part and a second bottom part where theratio between the first bottom part and the bottom of the price barcorresponds to the ratio between the second time and the time period.The price bar, upper bar, and lower bar can then be displayed in step1825 that visually depicts and enables the user to see proportional tothe price bar when the upper bar and the lower bar have occurred duringthe time period.

The price bar is representative of one of a close price, last price,open price, open-close price, and average price. The average price canbe one of a simple moving average (SMA), exponential moving average(EMA), VWAP (Volume Weighted Average Price), TWAP (Time Weighted AveragePrice), mean price, median price, ATR (Average True Range) price and thelike. The price bar is not vertical, for instance a price barrepresenting only a close price would be horizontal and a price barrepresentative of line drawn from an open price to a different closeprice would be diagonal. Such diagonal could be the equivalent of thesame diagonal inside a body of the candle (if displayed) representingthe same OHLC time period. The upper price bar and lower price bar aresubstantially vertical. The price bar, upper price bar, and lower pricebar together visually depict to a user one of an enhanced HLC (high,low, close) bar and an enhanced OHLC (open, high, low, close) bar whichcan also be a current enhanced bar displayed adjacent to one or morepreviously displayed enhanced bars to form one of an enhanced HLC pricechart and OHLC price chart. The enhanced HLC bar and enhanced OHLC barcan be rendered as one of a scalable vector graphic (SVG) and Canvasgenerated image. The price bar can also take the form of a body of acandle where the upper price bar is an upper wick and lower price bar isa lower wick that together visually depict to a user an enhancedcandlestick which can be displayed adjacent to one or more previouslydisplayed enhanced candlesticks to form an enhanced candlestick pricechart. The enhanced candlestick can be rendered as one of a scalablevector graphic (SVG) and Canvas generated image with HTML and JavaScriptusing some commands such as rect( ), fillRect( ), strokeRect( ),clearRect( ), moveTo( ), lineTo( ), stroke( ), and fill( ), for example.The price bar can be a line drawn from the open price to the close priceacross the time period. The correspondence of the ratio between thefirst top part and the top of the price bar to the ratio between thefirst time and the time period is substantially equal. The chartingengine can be in operative communication with at least one of a serverdevice, client device, cloud device, and peer device.

FIG. 19 is an illustration of enhanced OHLC price symbols that can begenerated in accordance with the present disclosure. Though it has beenshown a preferred mode for carrying out the instant disclosure with OHLCprice bars are to use the width of a price bar spanning from the openprice to close price as an intra-time axis of a time period to moreprecisely break up the single centerline high-low price bar into anupper price bar and lower price bar that can be shifted along theopen-close price bar, there alternate OHLC price symbols that can alsovisually depict which came first, the high price or the low price in agiven time period. An enhanced candlestick 1910 including a shiftedupper and lower wick to represent when the respective high price and lowprice occurred during a time period as already presented can be used asreference to the generation of new alternate OHLC price symbols. Forinstance, the two intersecting lines symbol 1920 represent theintersection of an open-close price line and a high-low price line. Bysuperimposing the two intersecting lines over the enhanced candlestick1910 one would see that the open-close price line would be the diagonalof the candle body drawn from lower left to upper right and that thehigh-low price line would connect the top of the upper wick to thebottom of the lower wick.

When an open price is lower than the close price the open-close priceline would appear rotated counter-clockwise from a horizontal axis at anangle proportionate to the price difference between the close and openprice. When an open price is higher than the close price the open-closeprice line would appear rotated clockwise from a horizontal axis at anangle proportionate to the price difference between the open and closeprice. Similarly, when a high price occurs before the low price thehigh-low price line would appear rotated counter-clockwise from avertical axis at an angle proportionate to the price difference betweenthe high and low price. When the high price occurs after the low pricethe high-low price line would appear rotated clockwise from a verticalaxis at an angle proportionate to the price difference between the highand low price.

When a high price occurs before the low price in a time period, thethree contiguous connected lines 1930 can depict the sequence of OHLCwith a first price line connecting the open price to the high price, thesecond line connecting the high price to the low price and the thirdline connecting the low price to the close price. By superimposing thethree contiguous connected lines over the enhanced candlestick 1910 onewould see these lines match up to the open price, high price, low price,and close price respectively. When the high price occurs after the lowprice in the time period, a OHLC sequence can instead take place withthe first price line connecting the open price to the low price, thesecond line connecting the low price to the high price and the thirdline connecting the high price to the close price.

FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingor displaying an alternate OHLC price symbol in accordance with thepresent disclosure. When a network access device 210 receives marketprice data 225 such as OHLC data 350 or generates OHLC data 350representative of intra-time price data for each intra-time period inthe time period from received market price data 225, a device processor315 in operative communication with a charting engine 340 can determinein step 2010 whether a close price is higher than the open price for agiven time period. If so, an open-close price bar can be generated instep 2015 with a line drawn from an open price to a close price of thetime period which is rotated counter-clockwise from a horizontal axis atan angle proportionate to the difference between the close price andopen price otherwise the open-close price bar can be generated in step2020 with a line drawn from the open price to the close price of thetime period which is rotated clockwise from a horizontal axis at anangle proportionate to the difference between the close price and openprice.

It can then be determined in step 2025 whether the low price occurredbefore the high price during the time period. If so, a high-low pricebar can be generated in step 2030 with a line drawn from the high priceat a first time to the low price at a second time for the given timeperiod which is rotated clockwise from a vertical axis at an angleproportionate to difference between the high price and low priceotherwise the high-low price bar can be generated in step 2035 with aline drawn from the high price at a first time to the low price at asecond time for the given time period which is rotated counter-clockwisefrom a vertical axis at an angle proportionate to difference between thehigh price and low price. In either case, the new OHLC price symbol canbe displayed in step 2040 where the high-low price bar is intersectedover the open-close price bar.

FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingor displaying an another alternate OHLC price symbol in accordance withthe present disclosure. When a network access device 210 receives marketprice data 225 such as OHLC data 350 or generates OHLC data 350representative of intra-time price data for each intra-time period inthe time period from received market price data 225, a device processor315 in operative communication with a charting engine 340 can determinein step 2110 whether the low price occurred before the high price duringthe time period. If so, the OHLC price symbol can be generated anddisplayed in step 2115 with an open-low price line drawn from an openprice to a low price at a second time, a low-high price line drawn fromthe low price to a high price, and a high-close price line drawn fromthe high price to the close price at the end of the time periodotherwise the OHLC price symbol can be generated and displayed in step2120 with an open-high price line drawn from an open price to a highprice at a second time, a high-low price line drawn from the high priceto a low price, and a low-close price line drawn from the low price tothe close price at the end of the time period.

The present disclosure includes when the close price is a last priceduring the time period and further includes dynamically generating anddisplaying a widening open-close price line by repetitively redrawingthe open-close price line from the open price to the last price duringthe time period where the last price is a close price of an intra-timeperiod within the time period and the duration of the intra-time periodcan be as small a change in the last price from a previous last pricedown to a single tick of data.

The present disclosure also includes when the close price is a lastprice during the time period and further includes dynamically generatingand displaying a widening OHLC price bar by repetitively redrawing thelow-close price line from the low price to the last price during thetime period if the low price occurred after the high price and redrawingthe high-close price line from the high price to the last price duringthe time period if the low price occurred before the high price.

The present disclosure can also apply to specific types of candlestickssuch as Heikin-Ashi price bars which provide average prices for OHLCbased on formulas to smooth noise and visually depict trend. Forinstance, a close price can represent an average price such as(Open+High+Low+Close)/4 or the high price equal to the maximum of High,Open, or Close or the low price equal to the minimum of Low, Open, orClose, and the open price equal to the (Open of previous bar+Close ofprevious bar)/2.

Such teachings presented in this instant disclosure can further apply to3-D price bar charts in which moving averages, volume, or volatility canbe mapped along a surface of a third dimension for each discrete timeperiod, for example. Further, frequency distribution of highs and lowscan also be projected along a third dimension. The present disclosure isnot limited to the line-based examples disclosed herein including thedifferent modified candlesticks, price bars, and new OHLC and HLCsymbols in the form of intersecting lines, triangles, quadrilaterals,contiguous connecting lines, etc. but can also include replacing suchlines and shapes with arcs, ovals, ellipses, and any other geometricshape that can connect between two or more price points. For instance,curved lines such as an arc instead of a straight line can be used toindicate a change in price momentum during at least a portion of thetime period.

FIG. 22 is an illustration of enhanced OHLC type and HLC type symbolsthat can be generated in accordance with the present disclosure. Thereare yet further symbols that can also visually depict which came first,the high price or the low price in a given time period. As previouslyshown, an enhanced candlestick 1910 including a shifted upper and lowerwick to represent when the respective high price and low price occurredduring a time period as already presented can be used as reference tothe generation of new alternate OHLC and HLC type symbols. For instance,the OHLC price symbol 2220 represents the spatiotemporal arrangement inprice and time by making the open price, high price at a first time, lowprice at a second time and close price as vertices of a drawnquadrilateral. Similarly, the HLC price symbol 2230 represents thespatiotemporal arrangement in price and time by making the high price ata first time, low price at a second time and close price as vertices ofa drawn triangle. By superimposing either symbol (2220, 2230) over theenhanced candlestick 1910 one would see a match in the position of itsrespective OHLC and HLC price points.

When a high price occurs before the low price in a time period, the twocontiguous connected lines 2240 can depict the sequence of HLC with afirst price line connecting the high price to the low price and thesecond line connecting the low price to the close price. When the highprice occurs after the low price in the time period, a HLC sequence caninstead take place with the first price line connecting the low price tothe high price and the second line connecting the high price to theclose price. The variety of OHLC type symbols and HLC type symbols asdiscussed in the instant disclosure are not dependent upon drawing anyconnections between points. The three dots 2250 illustrate the drawnspatiotemporal relationship between the high price, the low price, andthe close price as a new HLC type symbol. In turn, a new OHLC typesymbol 2260 includes a square to represent the open price (a dot couldalso be used) and a similar set of three dots representing the high,low, and close prices during the time period. A square can be used todifferentiate from the other dots because it remains in a fixed positionas the symbol is dynamically rendered as it does not change in price orin time during the time period.

A currently redrawn price symbol in accordance with price fluctuationsduring a given time period are technically considered partial HLC orOHLC type symbols, because they rely on a last price instead of a closeprice during the time period but before the end of the time periodgiving rise to a subset class of symbols known as HLL (high, low, last)type symbols and OHLL (open, high, low, last) type symbols which can beapplied to all prior illustrated symbols shown disclosed herein. Theselection of which symbol types to display in a price chart can bechosen by a user selecting a symbol rendering method from configurationsettings, which will be presented in more detail later.

FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a candlestick in accordance with the present disclosure.Rather than the method of generating a widening candlestick by thesuccessive repetitive drawing of adjacent vertical lines for eachintra-time period and then erasing portions of lines to form a dynamiccandlestick (see FIG. 5), an alternate method can also be used which isto erase a prior drawn candlestick and redraw and replace it with acurrent candlestick having a wider candle body after each intra-timeperiod. When a network access device 210 receives real-time securitymarket data 225 including OHLC data 350 (or generate OHLC data frommarket data in the absence of OHLC data, not shown) a device processor315 in operative communication with a charting engine 340 can receiveand/or generate in step 2310 a OHLC data of a first intra-time periodand OHLC data of a second intra-time period and generate in step 2315generate a candle body from an open price of the first intra-time periodand a close price of the second intra-time period. A highest intra-timeperiod from each high price and a lowest intra-time period from each lowprice of each intra-time period can then be determined in step 2320 andat least one of an upper wick and lower wick can be generated in step2325 where a bottom of the upper wick connects to a top of the candlebody above the highest intra-time period and a top of the lower wickconnects to a bottom of the candle body below the lowest intra-timeperiod. The candlestick can then be displayed in step 2330 that includesthe candle body and at least one of the upper wick and lower wick, wherethe candlestick visually depicts and enables the user to seeproportional to a width of the candle body when the upper wick and thelower wick have occurred during at least a portion of the time period.

These above steps can be repeated for each intra-time period within todynamically generate and display a widening candlestick after passage ofeach current intra-time period by repetitively erasing the previousdrawn candlestick and generating and displaying a current candlestickfrom a OHLC data of the current intra-time period, the currentcandlestick having a current candle body and at least one of a currentupper wick and lower wick where the width of the current candle body isequal to the sum of the width of the current intra-time period and eachwidth of all the prior intra-time periods. This can continue until thefinal intra-time period of the time period where the current candlestickis erased and a final candlestick is generated and displayed having afinal candle body and at least one of a final upper wick and lower wickwherein the width of the final candle body is equal to the width of thetime period.

FIG. 24 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a HLC symbol in accordance with the present disclosure.Rather than the method of generating a widening HLC symbol by thesuccessive repetitive drawing of adjacent vertical lines for eachintra-time period and then erasing portions of lines to form a dynamicHLC symbol (see FIG. 17), an alternate method can also be used which isto erase a prior drawn HLC symbol and redraw and replace it with acurrent HLC symbol having a wider horizontal close price bar after eachintra-time period. When a network access device 210 receives real-timesecurity market data 225 including HLC data 350 (or generate HLC datafrom market data in the absence of HLC data, not shown) a deviceprocessor 315 in operative communication with a charting engine 340 canreceive and/or generate in step 2410 a HLC data of a first intra-timeperiod and HLC data of a second intra-time period and generate in step2415 generate a horizontal close price bar at a close price of thesecond intra-time period, the close price bar spanning across the firstintra-time period and the second intra-time period. A highest intra-timeperiod from each high price and a lowest intra-time period from each lowprice of each intra-time period can then be determined in step 2420 andat least one of an upper price bar and lower price bar can be generatedin step 2425 where a bottom of the upper price bar connects to a top ofthe close price bar above the highest intra-time period and a top of thelower price bar connects to a bottom of the close price bar below thelowest intra-time period. The HLC symbol can then be displayed in step2430 that includes the close price bar and at least one of the upperprice bar and lower price bar, where the HLC symbol visually depicts andenables the user to see proportional to a width of the close price barwhen the upper price bar and the lower price bar have occurred during atleast a portion of the time period.

These above steps can be repeated for each intra-time period within todynamically generate and display a widening HLC symbol after passage ofeach current intra-time period by repetitively erasing the previousdrawn HLC symbol and generating and displaying a current HLC symbol froma HLC data of the current intra-time period, the current HLC symbolhaving a current close price bar and at least one of a current upperprice bar and lower price where the width of the current close price baris equal to the sum of the width of the current intra-time period andeach width of all the prior intra-time periods. This can continue untilthe final intra-time period of the time period where the current HLCsymbol is erased and a final HLC symbol is generated and displayedhaving a final close price bar and at least one of a final upper pricebar and lower price bar where the width of the final close price bar isequal to the width of the time period.

FIG. 25 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a OHLC symbol in accordance with the present disclosure.Techniques described above (see FIG. 23, FIG. 24) can also be applied tothe method of generating a widening OHLC symbol by the successiverepetitive drawing of adjacent vertical lines for each intra-time periodand then erasing portions of lines to form a dynamic OHLC symbol, analternate method can also be used which is to erase a prior drawn OHLCsymbol and redraw and replace it with a current OHLC symbol having awider open-close price bar after each intra-time period. When a networkaccess device 210 receives real-time security market data 225 includingOHLC data 350 (or generate OHLC data from market data in the absence ofOHLC data, not shown) a device processor 315 in operative communicationwith a charting engine 340 can generate and display in step 2510 a OHLCdata of a first intra-time period and OHLC data of a second intra-timeperiod and generate in step 2515 generate an open-close price bar drawnfrom an open price of the first intra-time period and a close price ofthe second intra-time period. A highest intra-time period from each highprice and a lowest intra-time period from each low price of eachintra-time period can then be determined in step 2520 and at least oneof an upper price bar and lower price bar can be generated in step 2525where a bottom of the upper price bar connects to a top of theopen-close price bar above the highest intra-time period and a top ofthe lower price bar connects to a bottom of the open-close price barbelow the lowest intra-time period. The OHLC symbol can then bedisplayed in step 2530 that includes the open-close price bar and atleast one of the upper price bar and lower price bar, where the OHLCsymbol visually depicts and enables the user to see proportional to awidth of the open-close price bar when the upper price bar and the lowerprice bar have occurred during at least a portion of the time period.

These above steps can be repeated for each intra-time period within todynamically generate and display a widening OHLC symbol after passage ofeach current intra-time period by repetitively erasing the previousdrawn OHLC symbol and generating and displaying a current OHLC symbolfrom a OHLC data of the current intra-time period, the current OHLCsymbol having a current open-close price bar and at least one of acurrent upper price bar and lower price where the width of the currentopen-close price bar is equal to the sum of the width of the currentintra-time period and each width of all the prior intra-time periods.This can continue until the final intra-time period of the time periodwhere the current OHLC symbol is erased and a final OHLC symbol isgenerated and displayed having a final open-close price bar and at leastone of a final upper price bar and lower price bar where the width ofthe final open-close price bar is equal to the width of the time period.

The present disclosure can also include generating OHLC data and/or HLCdata in real-time after each intra-time period from time/sales datastreamed during the intra-time period or after each change in last pricefrom time/sales data where the time period can range from a fraction ofa second to decades and the intra-time period can visually depict priceand time as small as in a one pixel wide column of one or more pixels.Though a time period as generally presented above references a selectedpredetermined time period for representing a final completed HLC typesymbol or OHLC type symbol whether by default settings or by userselection, one can also implement the instant disclosure from thecontext of having a variable time period as will be shown.

FIG. 26-A is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatinga price range symbol in accordance with the present disclosure. When anetwork access device 210 receives in step 2610 real-time market pricedata 225 a device processor 315 in operative communication with acharting engine 340 can process the stream of fluctuating prices, eachprice occurring at a different corresponding time and determine from theprice stream in step 2615 an open price occurring at an initial time anda last price occurring at a last time, the (v variable) time periodextending from the initial time to the last time. As each new price orprice change is processed and current enhanced OHLC data is calculatedand updated so to does the variable time period increment and getsuccessively longer in duration based on the last time of the lastprice. This variable time period can also be a variable intra-timeperiod within a longer fixed predetermined time period. A highest priceoccurring at a first time within the time period and a lowest priceoccurring at a second time within the time period can then be determinedin step 2620 from the price stream and generate, by a charting engine instep 2625, a symbol based on the open price, the last price, the highestprice, and the lowest price. The charting engine can then display instep 2630, the symbol, which includes a first indicator indicating thefirst time corresponding to the highest price and a second indicatorindicating the second time corresponding to the lowest price.

FIG. 26-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatinga candlestick in accordance with the present disclosure. After a highestprice occurring at a first time within the time period and a lowestprice occurring at a second time within the time period is determined(2620) from the price stream, a candle body can be generated in step2650 from the open price and the last price where a height of the candlebody indicates a difference between the open price and the last price,and a width of the candle body indicates a difference between the lasttime and the initial time. An upper wick and a lower wick can then begenerated in step 2655 based on the open price, the last price, thehighest price, and the lowest price. The charting engine can thendisplay in step 2660 the candlestick, which includes the candle body,the upper wick, and the lower wick, where the upper wick extends from anupper surface of the candle body at a first point corresponding to thefirst time and the lower wick extends from a lower surface of the candlebody at a second point corresponding to the second time.

Although certain examples above present how an upper wick and a lowerwick are generated and displayed, sometimes only the upper wick is drawn(e.g., when the open price equals the lowest price) or only the lowerwick is drawn (e.g. when the open price equals the highest price) or inrare cases no wicks are drawn (e.g. the open price equals the lowestprice and the close price equals the highest price). The presentdisclosure is not dependent on either or both wicks being drawn. In thecase of no wicks (when prices do nothing but go up over time), thecandle body rises in height but also widens relative to the last timewith respect to the current time period. The present disclosure relatesto the spatiotemporal relationships to the highest price and the time ofthe highest price, the lowest price and the time of the lowest price,and the last price and the time of the last price. In the case at theend of the period when the last price equals the close price then therelationship extends to the close price and the time of the close price.These relationships can also be in relationship to the open price at thestart of the time period, although the methods of the present disclosureare not dependent upon the open price.

In the case of enhanced candlesticks of the instant disclosure, as timeprogresses and there is no price change the candle body widens. When thelast price is a new high, the upper wick disappears and is engulfed bythe candle body, but when a next last price received at a subsequenttime is lower than the new high, the upper wick reappears, but isshifted to a new position near the right edge of the top of the candlebody. In turn, when the last price is a new low, the lower wickdisappears and is engulfed by the candle body, but when the next lastprice received at a subsequent time is higher than the new low, thelower wick reappears, but is shifted to a new position near the rightedge of the bottom of the candle body.

FIG. 27-A is an illustration of an enhanced candlestick including aplurality of upper and lower wicks that can be generated in accordancewith the present disclosure. A candlestick is shown having a candle body2703 with a plurality of upper wicks (2705, 2707, 2709) projectingupward from a first set of connection points connecting to the topsurface of the candle body 2703 and a plurality of lower wicks (2713,2715, 2717) projecting downward from a second set of connection pointsconnecting to the bottom surface of the candle body 2703. The highestprice is represented as the highest upper wick 2705, the second-mosthighest price is represented as the second-most upper wick 2707, and thethird-most highest price is represented as the third-most upper wick2709. In turn, the lowest price is represented as the lowest lower wick2713, the second-least lowest price is represented as the second-leastlower wick 2715, and the third-least lowest price is represented as thethird-least lower wick 2717.

FIG. 27-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a candlestick including a second upper wick and secondlower wick in accordance with the present disclosure. When a networkaccess device 210 receives in step 2720 real-time market price data 225a device processor 315 in operative communication with a charting engine340 can process the stream of fluctuating prices, each price occurringat a different corresponding time and determine from the price streamthe highest price at a first time, the lowest at a second time, thesecond highest price at a third time, the second lowest price at afourth time, and a last (traded) price at a fifth time, it is thendetermined in step 2725 whether the last price is greater than the openprice. When it is determined that the last price is greater than theopen price then a candle body with a plurality of upper and lower wickscan be generated in step 2730 with a first upper wick that indicates adifference between the highest price and the last price, a first lowerwick that indicates a difference between the last price and the openprice, a second upper wick that indicates a difference between thesecond-most highest price and the last price, and a second lower wickthat indicates a difference between the second-least lowest price andopen price. When it is determined that the last price is not greaterthan the open price then a candle body with a plurality of upper andlower wicks can be generated in step 2735 with a first upper wick thatindicates a difference between the highest price and the open price, afirst lower wick that indicates a difference between the lowest priceand the last price, a second upper wick that indicates a differencebetween the second-most highest price and the open price, and a secondlower wick that indicates a difference between the second-least lowestprice and last price.

The charting engine can then display in step 2740, a candlestick typesymbol which includes the candle body, the plurality of the upper wicks,and the plurality of lower wicks. It will be appreciated that similarmethods can be applied to displaying a third upper wick of a third-mosthighest price and a third lower wick of a third-least lowest price, andso on through to a Nth upper wick of a Nth-most highest price and a Nthlower wick of a Nth-least lowest price. For instance, the presentdisclosure can also include determining an Nth-most highest price at anNth highest time and an Nth-least lowest price at an Nth lowest time anddisplaying an Nth-most upper wick corresponding to the Nth highest timealong with the plurality of upper wicks and displaying an Nth-leastlower wick corresponding to the Nth lowest time along with the pluralityof lower wicks.

FIG. 27-C is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a candlestick including a plurality of upper wicks andlower wicks in accordance with the present disclosure. When a networkaccess device 210 receives in step 2750 real-time market price data 225a device processor 315 in operative communication with a charting engine340 such as OHLC (open, high, low, close) data for each intra-timeperiod of the plurality of intra-time periods, a charting engine canthen generate in step 2755, a candle body from an open price of a firstintra-time period to a close price of a last intra-time period of theplurality of intra-time periods, based on the received OHLC data. Allupper wick intra-time periods from which intra-time periods of theplurality of intra-time periods have an intra-time high price greaterthan the open price of the first intra-time period and greater than theclose price of the last intra-time period can be determined in step 2760and further determine in step 2765 all lower wick intra-time periodsfrom which intra-time periods of the plurality of intra-time periodshave an intra-time low price lower than the open price of the firstintra-time period and lower than the close price of the last intra-timeperiod. A charting engine can then generate in step 2770, an upper wickfor each upper wick intra-time period and a lower wick for each lowerwick intra-time period, a bottom of each upper wick being connected to atop of the candle body within each upper wick intra-time period, and atop of each lower wick being connected to a bottom of the candle bodywithin each lower wick intra-time period and then display in step 2775,the candlestick including the candle body and at least one of thegenerated upper wicks and the generated lower wicks.

FIG. 28-A is a diagram depicting an exemplary configuration settingsinterface in accordance with the present disclosure. A user modifiableconfiguration settings interface 335 can include settings for the userto select that control whether the current symbol width 2820 ismagnified and whether the prior symbol(s) width 2825 are magnified. Auser can further select how many prior symbols to magnify. Userselection can also further control whether an end of time perioddemarcation indicator 2830 is displayed, whether to display a histogramof technical indicators (e.g., volume) inside of a candle body 2823,whether to display multiple high and low indicators 2835 (e.g., upperwicks and lower wicks, see Fig, 27-A), whether to enable display ofdimmed ghost price range symbols 2837 that represent synthetic lastprice estimates in the absence of last price data from illiquid assets,and whether to display closed market time gaps 2839 such as when amarket is closed overnight, or for the weekend and holidays. Furthersettings can include (1) a symbol rendering method 2840 for a user toselect from a plurality of OHLC type symbols and HLC type symbols suchas candlesticks, cross sticks, HLC bars, quadrilaterals, triangles,contiguous lines, right angles, and dots in which to render and displaya price range during a given time period, (2) a number sequence 2843 fora user to select one of an arithmetic sequence, a geometric sequence, atriangular number sequence, a square number sequence, a cube numbersequence, and a Fibonacci sequence which enables symbol width scaling,(3) a time period 2845 for a user to select from a plurality of timeperiods, (4) an intra-time volume/technical indicator rendering method2847 for a user to select one of a histogram, a bar chart, a lumosity,and a voxel, and (5) a time gap fill method 2848 for a user to selectwhat context sensitive content (e.g., news, advertisements, ghost symbolprice estimates) to place in empty chart time gaps due to a closedmarket such as overnight, weekends, and holidays.

The user can also select from a plurality of intra-time periodresolution values 2850. This can be used when applying the instantdisclosure toward historical HLC or OHLC type data. Chart libraries thatdo not receive enhanced OHLC data directly to access upper and lowerwick position values can still be adapted to generate enhanced HLC orOHLC type symbols with the selected intra-time period resolution value2850. For example, when a user selects a one-minute time period for eachsymbol as well as select the number sixty as the intra-time periodresolution value, these parameters can be used to instruct the chartingengine to fetch sixty time slices of OHLC data that are one second eachwhich allows the engine to render a single one minute candle that is acomposite of what typically would have been sixty candles with a onesecond time period (as will be shown in FIG. 28-B).

If a charting engine cannot access an enhanced OHLC data source thatinclude data for a highest symbol position value and a lowest symbolposition value when a time period is selected, the charting engine canbe configured to automatically retrieve an intra-time-period resolutionvalue corresponding to the time period and obtain the needed data from aconventional OHLC data source in order to render the enhanced pricerange symbols without relying upon enhanced OHLC data.

The symbol rendering method are sets of instructions in the chartlibrary to draw the newly discovered price range symbols which have beenpresented throughout the instant disclosure. For instance, cross sticksis a label for the price range symbol (1920), HLC bars is a label forthe price range symbols (1100, 1200), quadrilateral is a label for theprice range symbol (2220), triangle is a label for the price rangesymbol (2230), contiguous lines is a label for the price range symbols(1930, 2240), right angles is a label for the price range symbol (1160),and dots is a label for the price range symbols (2250, 2260).

FIG. 28-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying an OHLC type symbol from obtained OHLC data in accordancewith the present disclosure. When a time period having a first durationT and an intra-time-period resolution value N are received in step 2860,a second duration can be calculated in step 2865 by dividing T by N thenN rows of OHLC data, can be obtained in step 2870 where each row of theobtained OHLC data is representative of price changes over a time periodhaving the second duration. An OHLC type symbol can then be generatedand displayed in step 2875 based on the received N rows of OHLC data.These steps are critical particularly when charting engines do not haveaccess to enhanced OHLC data. Typically, when a user wishes to review aprice chart on a different time scale, the user will select the timeperiod T (2845). The user can then also select the intra-time-periodresolution value N (2850) but is not required to as settings can befurther configured to create default value pairs between the time periodT and intra-time-period resolution value N. For instance, when T equalsone minute a default N can equal sixty which would fetch sixty onesecond interval OHLC data and combine them into a single OHLC data ofone minute interval with the ability to approximate the highest andlowest position value (e.g., upper wick and lower wick of a candlestick)that can be used to instruct how the symbol is rendered and displayed.

In another example, when T equals one day a default N can equal thirtynine. Since there are three hundred ninety minutes in a trading day,thirty nine OHLC data each of a ten minute interval can then beretrieved. Though it is contemplated that the newly taught price rangesymbols of the instant disclosure has a majority of cases most useful totraders and active managers, an example of a use case for wealthmanagement and investor approaches to money management could display acandlestick price chart by selecting a T that equals one weekcorresponding to a default N of five, the result would be a weekly pricechart where each candlestick can have five different upper and lowerwick positions so in a single glance a user can observe trends as towhich day of the week might be best to buy or sell. The presentdisclosure includes receiving the intra-time-period resolution value Nin response to a user selecting the time period having the firstduration T, where the intra-time-period resolution value N is a defaultvalue corresponding to the first duration T and receiving theintra-time-period resolution value N includes retrieving theintra-time-period resolution value N from a default N-value/T-durationpair list. The present disclosure also includes receiving theintra-time-period resolution value N in response to a user selecting theintra-time-period resolution value N where the value N is an integergreater than one and the second duration is an integer.

FIG. 29-A is an illustration of an end of time period demarcationindicator in accordance with the present disclosure. By revisiting row660 of FIG. 6, which shows the progression of each intra-time period(630, 635, 640, 645, 650) where the width of the candlestick widens aswide as the width of the current and prior intra-time periods during theentire time period, an end of time period demarcation indicator 2910 isdrawn adjacent to the current partial OHLC type symbol or also known asan OHLL type symbol that is being updated and redrawn. The demarcationindicator 2910 serves as a reference point to the user, to visually gaina sense of what portion of the current time period has lapsed and howmuch time in the current time period remains. So as the OHLL type symbolwidens, the symbol gets closer and closer to the demarcation indicator.The OHLL type symbol transforms into a final historical completed OHLCtype symbol when the last price is also the close price marking the endof the time period. The demarcation indicator 2910 can then be erasedwhich would further signal that the price range symbol is a completedOHLC type symbol and no longer a partial OHLC type symbol or rather OHLLtype symbol.

FIG. 29-B is an illustration of a price chart including price rangesymbols with a plurality of fixed widths in accordance with the presentdisclosure. There appears to be a trend of user growth in using a smartphone device to access a trading application for trading and monitoringassets via price charts. The trend of chart usage on smaller sizescreens can present an obstacle to the number of symbols that can bedisplayed. For a trader, the constant redrawing of a current price rangesymbol of a current time period is the most visually informing,particularly for the type of trader known as a “trade what you see”trader. The instant disclosure solves the problem of limited screensize, by magnifying the width of the current price symbol 2920 when themagnify current symbol width 2820 has been selected. Though one coulduse a demarcation indicator (2910) as discussed above to have a visualsense where in the current time period, the current price symbol 2920has currently widened to based upon the last price at a last time, thedemarcation is not needed as the current price symbol 2920 can visuallybe compared to the prior most completed price range symbol when themagnify one or more prior symbols width (2825) has been selected. Forinstance, when symbols each have a thirty minute time period and one canvisually estimate that the magnified width of the current price rangesymbol is about one half of the magnified width of the prior price rangesymbol, one can estimate that roughly fifteen minutes of time havelapsed into the current time period. One can compare these magnifiedsymbols to a plurality of prior price range symbols 2930 that have nomagnification of their respective width or selections can be made inconfiguration settings 335 (not shown) to uniformly reduce therespective width of each completed historical symbol. By using thisapproach to the display of price charts can enable a user to see alonger span of time which becomes more important regarding the displayon smaller sized screens.

FIG. 29-C is a prior art illustration of a candlestick price chart withtime axis labels in the middle of each time period. Illustrated arethree ten minute candlesticks, the first candlestick occurring at 3 pm,the second candlestick occurring at 3:10 pm, and the third candlestickoccurring at 3:20 pm with a display of current time at 3:24 pm. Uponcloser review, another flaw can be seen in how the time axis is labeled.The 3 pm marking is in the middle of the time period when in actualityat that time is truly 3:05 pm. In essence, the current system ofcandlestick price charting is marked by one half of a given time periodlate. Further, the third candlestick is shown as full width implyingthat the full ten minutes have past when it is simply not the case withthe display of the current time of 3:24 pm. To reiterate a previouslypresented flaw, is that there is no way to visually know when the highprice or the low price has occurred during the time period. This priorart illustration is shown to contrast the most visually accurate way todraw candlesticks and overcome these deficiencies as will be shown inFIG. 29-D.

FIG. 29-D is an illustration of a candlestick price chart with time axislabels at the start of each time period in accordance with the presentdisclosure. There are clear contrasts in this illustration compared tothe prior art price chart (see FIG. 29-C). For instance, the time axisis labeled more visually accurate with a start of the time period of thecandlestick positioned vertically below a left-most surface of thecandle body which can be seen for each candlestick at 3pm and ten minuteintervals thereafter. Further, the upper and lower wicks are shiftedalong the width of each candle body to present a more visually accuraterepresentation of actual price action during each time period. Lastlythe incomplete candlestick or OHLL having a partial candle body widthstarting at the 3:20 pm mark reflects the width progression to thecurrent time of 3:24 pm where the width is 40% of the total width andwould reach full width at the 3:30 pm mark when the incompletecandlestick would complete and convert from a OHLL type symbol to anOHLC type symbol. An optional demarcation indicator 2910 is displayed toillustrate that it can serve as a reference point to the user, tovisually gain a sense of what portion of the current time period haslapsed and how much time in the current time period remains.

FIG. 29-E is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a price chart including a plurality of regions inaccordance with the present disclosure. A first region including one ormore historical completed price-range-over-time-range-type symbols canbe displayed in step 2950, by a charting engine as well as a secondregion that can be displayed in step 2955 adjacent to the first regionwith the second region including a current uncompleted pricerange-over-an-uncompleted-time-range-type symbol corresponding to anuncompleted time range. In response to determining that the uncompletedtime range has completed, a new historical completedprice-range-over-time-range-type symbol adjacent to the one or morehistorical completed-price-range-over-time-range-type symbols can begenerated and displayed in step 2960, by the charting engine, in thefirst region as well as erase (step 2960) in the second region, thecurrent uncompleted price-range-over-an-uncompleted-time-range-typesymbol.

By using a non-scrollable second region with pixel columns that span tothe right most edge of the display, a demarcation indicator would not beneeded as the right edge of the screen can serve as reference to themaximum symbol width of the current uncompleted price range symbol.Multiple Canvas elements can be layered to define different price chartregions, particularly for separating the updated redrawing of thewidening of a partial current price range symbol until it is determinedthat the last price is also the close price. The non-scrollable secondregion can be placed in a separate Canvas layer that can be refreshedand redrawn without having to redraw the entire screen thereby loweringcomputing resources. The non-scrollable second region can be dragged tothe left via a user interface to widen the region, which in turnmagnifies the width of the current price range symbol being rendered.This can be useful to traders focused on the current price action, andin the case of candlesticks, widen the candle body which would providemore resolution to bar charts or histograms of technical indicatorsrendered inside of it (see FIG. 38-B).

In one example, both the first region and second region each displayprice range symbols, where each symbol has the same time period. Theprice chart can be configured to make the first region scrollable andthe second region non-scrollable. The first region and the second regionare seamless and the user could not visually distinguish that there aredifferent regions. The non-scrollable second region helps place emphasison the dynamic redrawing of a current uncompleted symbol, which can alsoinclude both a magnified symbol width (2820) and a demarcation indicator(2910) to observe the widening symbol width approach the end of thecurrent time period. Take as an example, a limited screen size, in whichthe maximum number of symbols that can be drawn in a first region isfifty. When the first region is at full capacity and fifty historicalcompleted symbols fully populate the first region, the moment it isdiscovered that the last price of streaming live open market data is infact the close price of the current time period, the entire first regionis redrawn to include forty nine of the most recent symbols from thefifty cited historical symbols earlier referenced and the newlycompleted fiftieth symbol is drawn adjacent to the redrawn forty ninesymbols (to avoid scrolling) and at the same time the currentuncompleted symbol in the second region is erased to start a new partialsymbol in a new time period. The first region would then have the optionto be scrollable now that there are fifty one completed symbols drawn.

Embodiments of the instant disclosure are not limited to chartingengines, charting programs, and trading platforms, but can also beemobodied as a browser plugin or extension, or as a standaloneapplication. For instance, the current widening uncompleted price rangesymbol can be rendered as an overlay in a separate floating window thathovers atop of another entity's price chart that is not adapted torender symbols based on the teachings disclosed herein. Anotherembodiment can be in the form of a distributed package or module thatintegrates into those brokerages' trading platforms that supportscripting languages and module plug-ins.

FIG. 30-A is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a demarcation indicator in accordance with the presentdisclosure. When a network access device 210 receives in step 3010real-time market price data 225 a device processor 315 in operativecommunication with a charting engine 340 can process the stream offluctuating prices, each price occurring at a different correspondingtime and determine from the price stream the highest price at a firsttime, the lowest price at a second time, a last (traded) price at athird time, and the third time is before an end of the time period, thena demarcation indicator corresponding to a current HLL type symbol canbe generated in step 3015 by drawing a spatiotemporal relationshipbetween the highest price, the lowest price, and the last price inaccordance with a selected symbol rendering method (2840), where a widthof the HLL type symbol indicates a difference between the third time andan earlier of when the highest price occurred and when the lowest priceoccurred. The generated HLL type symbol can be displayed in step 3020 aswell as the display of the demarcation indicator adjacent to the rightof the generated HLL type symbol. The demarcation indicator ispositioned at the end time of the time period where a width between aright most surface of the HLL type symbol and the demarcation indicatoris a difference between the third time and the end of the time period.

FIG. 30-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a magnified width of a portion of a plurality of pricerange symbols in accordance with the present disclosure. When a networkaccess device 210 receives in step 3030 real-time market price data 225a device processor 315 in operative communication with a charting engine340 can process the stream of fluctuating prices, each price occurringat a different corresponding time and determine from the price streamthe highest price at a first time, the lowest price at a second time, alast (traded) price at a third time, and the third time is before an endof the time period, then a first portion of the OHLC type symbols, whichhave a first fixed width corresponding to the prior time period alongwith a second portion of the OHLC type symbols, which have a secondfixed width corresponding to the prior time period, where the secondfixed width is wider than the first fixed width can be generated anddisplayed in step 3035. The current OHLL type symbol can then begenerated in step 3040 by drawing a spatiotemporal relationship betweenthe open price, the highest price, the lowest price, and the last pricein accordance with a selected symbol rendering method (2840), where aheight of the current OHLL symbol indicates a difference between thehighest price and the lowest price and a width of the current OHLLsymbol indicates a difference between the start of the current timeperiod and the third time, and a difference between the start of thecurrent time period and an end of the current time period is equal tothe second fixed width. The charting engine can then display in step3040 the generated current OHLL type symbol adjacent to the plurality ofdisplayed OHLC type symbols. It should be apparent that this can beapplied to any set of price range symbols such as HLC and HLL typesymbols as well.

FIG. 31-A is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingan OHLL type symbol in accordance with the present disclosure. When anetwork access device 210 receives in step 3110 real-time market pricedata 225 a device processor 315 in operative communication with acharting engine 340 can process the stream of fluctuating prices, eachprice occurring at a different corresponding time and determine from theprice stream the highest price at a first time, the lowest price at asecond time, a last (traded) price at a third time, and the third timeis before an end of the time period, an OHLL type symbol can then begenerated in step 3115 by drawing a spatiotemporal relationship betweenthe open price, highest price, the lowest price, and the last priceaccording to a selected symbol rendering method, where a height of theOHLL type symbol indicates a difference between the highest price andthe lowest price, a width of the OHLL type symbol Indicates a differencebetween the start of the time period and the third time a width betweenthe highest price and lowest price indicates a difference between thefirst time and the second time. The generated OHLL type symbol can bedisplayed in step 3120.

The present disclosure can include that a width between the highestprice and the last price indicates a difference between the first timeand the third time, and a width between the lowest price and the lastprice indicates a difference between the second time and the third timewhere the spatiotemporal relationship is a spatiotemporal relationshipbetween the highest price, the lowest price, and the last price relativeto a fixed position of the open price.

The open price is a known static fixed point that marks the start of atime period or intratime period and is unchanging. An aspect of thepresent disclosure examines the relationship of the open price withrespect to the changing prices during a time period or intratime periodof the highest price, the lowest price, and the last price until a closeprice is determined marking the end of the time period or intratimeperiod.

As a time period progresses, received price changes that fluctuate canbe updated by redrawing an ever widening OHLL (open, high, low, last)type symbol. An OHLL type symbol is a partial or uncompleted OHLC typesymbol that remains so until a close price is determined transformingthe OHLL type symbol into a final OHLC type symbol at the end of thetime period. When a symbol is completed, it is considered in the pastand historical. OHLC data of that time period can be archived, stored inmemory, and appended to historical enhanced OHLC data and the pricechart can scroll all the completed OHLC type symbols to the left andmake room for drawing and updating a new current OHLL type symbol thatwidens as time progresses during the current time period.

The present disclosure is not limited to methods that depend upon theopen price. The drawing and updating of the ever-changing spatiotemporalrelationships between a highest price, a lowest price and a last priceof price fluctuations during the course of a time period is an inventiveaspect of the present teachings. Similarly, an HLL type symbol is apartial or uncompleted HLC type symbol, which remains so until a closeprice is determined, transforming the HLL type symbol into a final HLCtype symbol. Upon such a completed symbol, the price chart can scrollall completed HLC type symbols to the left so that they becomehistorical in the past, and make space for drawing and updating a newcurrent HLL type symbol that widens as time progresses during thecurrent time period.

Though the last price is generally known as the most recent sale priceor last traded price, regarding the instant disclosure, the last priceis broadened to further cover any price between and including a bidprice and an ask price. There are many stocks and options that havesmall liquidity and very little sale activity. There can be relativelylonger periods of time between one sale price and the next, where theonly price data that is available are the bid/ask prices. There are somecases when it would be useful to treat an average price between the bidprice and the ask price the same as a last price, which can yield betterprice chart continuity. Such an average could be considered a “proxylast price” as a substitute, and give a better sense as to approximateprice action when no sales are taking place.

FIG. 31-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatinga ghost symbol in accordance with the present disclosure. When a networkaccess device 210 receives in step 3121 real-time market price data 225a device processor 315 in operative communication with a charting engine340 can process the stream of fluctuating prices, each price occurringat a different corresponding time where a highest price occurred at afirst time within the time period, a lowest price occurred at a secondtime within the time period, and a last price occurred at a third timewithin the time period, in which the last price is lower than thehighest price and higher than the lowest price, and a bid price and anask price corresponds to a fourth time within the time period and thereis no new last price that corresponds to the fourth time then it can bedetermined in step 3123 whether the last price is lower than the bidprice or higher than the ask price. In response to the determining thatthe last price is not lower than the bid price and not higher than theask price, the last price can be updated in step 3125 to correspond tothe fourth time, and generate, by a charting engine, a symbol bydrawing, at a first luminosity level, a spatiotemporal relationshipbetween the highest price, the lowest price, and the last price inaccordance with a selected symbol rendering method. However, in responseto the determining that the last price is lower than the bid price orhigher than the ask price, then an estimated last price can be generatedin step 3127 from the bid price and the ask price, and correspond theestimated last price to the fourth time, and generate, by a chartingengine, the symbol by drawing, at a second luminosity level, aspatiotemporal relationship between the highest price, the lowest price,and the estimated last price in accordance with a selected symbolrendering method, and then display in step 3129, by the charting engine,the generated symbol at a particular position.

The second luminosity level can be dimmer than the first luminositylevel and the generated symbol displayed at the second luminosity levelcan be more particularly called a “ghost symbol”. The ghost symbolprovides visual indication to the user that the symbol is generatedbased upon an estimated price rather than an actual price. The abovesteps can be performed when the display dimmed ghost price range symbols2837 is selected and enabled in configuration settings 335. By default,the estimated price is the midpoint or average of the bid price and theask price. The bid price and the ask price are received in real-timefrom bid/ask tick data 225 of a live open market streamed during thetime period where the time period is one of a group of ticks and betweena fraction of a second and decades.

Whenever a new last price is received, the charting engine will changethe currently dimmed “ghost” candle back to a regular candle of defaultluminosity. A timer can be invoked to create a configurable delay suchas thirty seconds since the time of the last price before a currentlydrawn candle gets dimmed or “ghosted” to indicate an estimated lastprice. The use of the timer reduces the number of times an OHLC typeprice range symbol might toggle between luminosity levels. Visualdifferences are not limited to luminosity. For example, a change inopacity levels can be similarly deployed for displaying differencesbetween an actual last price and an estimated last price.

FIG. 31-C is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingan HLL type symbol in accordance with the present disclosure. When anetwork access device 210 receives in step 3130 real-time market pricedata 225 a device processor 315 in operative communication with acharting engine 340 can process the stream of fluctuating prices, eachprice occurring at a different corresponding time and determine from theprice stream the highest price at a first time and the lowest price at asecond time, a last price that occurred at a third time can be receivedin step 3135 where it is determined that the received last price islower than the highest price and higher than the lowest price and thethird time occurred before an end of the time period. In response todetermining that the received last price is lower than the highest priceand higher than the lowest price, the HLL type symbol can then begenerated in step 3140 by drawing a spatiotemporal relationship betweenthe highest price, the lowest price, and the last price in accordancewith a selected symbol rendering method, where a height of the HLL typesymbol indicates a difference between the highest price and the lowestprice, a width of the HLL type symbol indicates a difference between thethird time and an earlier of the first time and the second time, and awidth between the highest price and the lowest price indicates adifference between the first time and the second time. The generated HLLtype symbol can then be displayed in step 3145. The present disclosurecan include that a width between the highest price and the last priceindicates a difference between the first time and the third time, and awidth between the lowest price and the last price indicates a differencebetween the second time and the third time.

FIG. 32 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generating aprice range symbol in accordance with the present disclosure. After anetwork access device 210 receives (step 3130) real-time market pricedata 225 a device processor 315 in operative communication with acharting engine 340 can process the stream of fluctuating prices, eachprice occurring at a different corresponding time and determine from theprice stream the highest price at a first time and the lowest price at asecond time, a last price that occurred at a third time within the timeperiod can be received in step 3210. The last price can then be comparedin step 3215 to both the highest price and the lowest price. The highestprice can be updated with the last price in step 3220 and also updatethe highest price to correspond to the third time if the last price isgreater than or equal to the highest price and, in turn, the lowestprice can be updated with the last price and also update the lowestprice to correspond to the third time if the last price is less than orequal to the lowest price. A charting engine can then generate the HLLtype symbol in step 3225 by drawing a spatiotemporal relationshipbetween the highest price, the lowest price, and the last price inaccordance with a selected symbol rendering method, where a height ofthe HLL type symbol indicates a difference between the highest price andthe lowest price and a width of the HLL type symbol indicates adifference between the third time and an earlier of when the highestprice occurred and the lowest price occurred. The charting engine canthen display in step 3230, the generated HLL type symbol at a particularposition.

The present disclosure can include the time period as a first timeperiod, the first time period is an intra-time period within a secondtime period, and the second time period is longer in duration than thefirst time period and the changes in price are of a market-traded objectrepresentative of one of a physical asset, a digital asset, an assetpair, and a ratio between a plurality of different assets.

In cases, where the above method steps are repeated particularly whendynamically widening the width of a current price range symbol upon thecontinued stream of tick data or last sale data, the present disclosurecan also include receiving a new last price corresponding to a new lasttime within the time period, wherein the new last time occurred laterthan the last time in the time period and the symbol is a prior symbol,comparing the new last price to the highest price and the lowest price,updating the highest price to be the new last price and updating thehighest price to correspond to the new last time, when the new lastprice is greater than or equal to the highest price, updating the lowestprice to be the new last price and updating the lowest price tocorrespond to the new last time, when the new last price is less than orequal to the lowest price, generating a new symbol based on the openprice, the highest price, the lowest price, and the new last price,erasing the prior symbol at the particular position, and displaying thenew symbol at the particular position, wherein a width of the new symbolis wider than a width of the previously displayed prior symbol.

The present disclosure can include determining that the last price is aclose price that occurred at an end time of the time period and thegenerated HLL type symbol is a HLC (high, low, close) type symbol, whenthe third time equals the end time of the time period or in determiningthat the last price is not a close price and the generated HLL typesymbol is a partial HLC type symbol and displaying a demarcationindicator positioned at an end time of the time period, when the thirdtime does not equal the end time of the time period.

The present disclosure can include determining, based on a result of thecomparing step, that the received last price is lower than the highestprice and higher than the lowest price, where a width in the HLL typesymbol between the highest price and the lowest price indicates adifference between the first time and the second time within the timeperiod, a width in the HLL type symbol between the highest price and thelast price indicates a difference between the first time and the thirdtime within the time period, and a width in the HLL type symbol betweenthe lowest price and the last price indicates a difference between thesecond time and the third time within the time period.

The present disclosure can include that the particular position at whichthe generated HLL type symbol is displayed is adjacent to a plurality ofHLC type symbols. The present disclosure can include that the timeperiod for each HLC type symbol of the plurality of HLC type symbols isof equal duration, a first portion of each of the HLC type symbols isdrawn having a first fixed width corresponding to the time period, andthe generated HLL type symbol and a second portion of the HLC typesymbols are drawn having a second fixed width corresponding to the timeperiod, wherein the second fixed width is greater than the first fixedwidth.

The present disclosure can include that new HLL type symbol is displayedadjacent to one or more HLC type symbols where the time period isbetween a fraction of a second and decades and the selected symbolrendering method is selected from one of a triangle, HLC bars, dots, andcontiguous. The present disclosure can include generating HLC data inreal-time from streaming time/sales data and updating a data structurewith each new generated HLC data. In the case, of any OHLC or OHLL typeof price range symbols, the present disclosure can include that theselected symbol rendering method is selected from one of a candlestick,cross sticks, quadrilateral, dots, and contiguous.

The present disclosure can include that an open price occurred at astart of the time period and the HLL type symbol is a OHLL (open, high,low, last) type symbol, which is generated by drawing the spatiotemporalrelationship between the open price, the highest price, the lowestprice, and the last price in accordance with a selected symbol renderingmethod, wherein a height of the OHLL type symbol indicates a differencebetween the highest price and the lowest price, and a width of the OHLLtype symbol indicates a difference between the start of the time periodand the third time within the time period.

FIG. 33-A is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatinga data structure used to generate a HLC or OHLC type symbol inaccordance with the present disclosure. When a network access device 210receives in step 3310 real-time market price data 225 a device processor315 in operative communication with a charting engine 340 can processthe stream of fluctuating prices, each price occurring at a differentcorresponding to a unique time within a time period and determine fromthe received plurality of the prices in step 3315, an open pricecorresponding to a start of the time period, a highest pricecorresponding to a first time within the time period, a lowest pricecorresponding to a second time within the time period, and a close pricecorresponding to an end of the time period. A highest symbol positionvalue indicating when the first time occurred between the start of thetime period and the end of the time period can be calculated in step3320 as well as a lowest symbol position value indicating when thesecond time occurred between the start of the time period and the end ofthe time period can be calculated in step 3325. The time period, theopen price, the highest price, the lowest price, the close price, thehighest symbol position value, and the lowest symbol position value canbe stored in step 3330 in association with one another in the datastructure on a non-transitory computer readable medium.

For example, when a candlestick is selected as the OHLC type symbol fromthe symbol rendering method 2840, the highest symbol position value canbe considered an upper wick position value, and the lowest symbolposition value considered as a lower wick position value. The presentdisclosure can further including generating the data structure inreal-time from time/sales data of a live open market streamed during thetime period as well as generate the HLC or OHLC type symbol from datastored in the data structure.

FIG. 33-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatinga data structure used to generate a HLL or OHLL type symbol inaccordance with the present disclosure. When generating HLL or OHLL typesymbols instead of HLC or OHLC type symbols, the last price is usedinstead of the close price. After a network access device 210 receives(step 3310) real-time market price data 225 a device processor 315 inoperative communication with a charting engine 340 can process thestream of fluctuating prices, each price occurring at a differentcorresponding to a unique time within a time period and determine fromthe received plurality of the prices in step 3335, an open pricecorresponding to a start of the time period, a highest pricecorresponding to a first time within the time period, a lowest pricecorresponding to a second time within the time period, and a last pricecorresponding to a third time within the time period. A highest symbolposition value indicating when the first time occurred between the startof the time period and the end of the time period can then be calculated(step 3320).

FIG. 33-C is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed forcalculating a symbol partial-width value based upon when the last priceoccurred during a time period in accordance with the present disclosure.After a lowest symbol position value indicating when the second timeoccurred between the start of the time period and the end of the timeperiod is calculated (step 3325), a symbol partial-width valueindicating when the third time occurred between the start of the timeperiod and the end of the time period can be calculated in step 3340.The time period, the open price, the highest price, the lowest price,the last price, the highest symbol position value, the lowest symbolposition value, and the symbol partial-width value can then be stored instep 3345 in association with one another in the data structure on anon-transitory computer readable medium. The symbol partial-width valueforever widens upon each successive last price or price change and isused to accurately draw price range symbol width of a HLL or OHLL typesymbol, which can also be considered a partial or incomplete HLC or apartial or incomplete OHLC type symbol.

Similarly, when OHLL type symbol is a partial enhanced candlestick, thehighest symbol position value can be considered an upper wick positionvalue, the lowest symbol position value considered as a lower wickposition value, and the symbol partial-width value is a candle-bodypartial-width value. The present disclosure can also generate the HLL orOHLL type symbol from data stored in the data structure.

FIG. 33-D is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatinga data structure corresponding to a plurality of intra-time periods usedto generate a HLC or OHLC type symbol in accordance with the presentdisclosure. When a network access device 210 receives in step 3360real-time market price data 225 a device processor 315 in operativecommunication with a charting engine 340 such as OHLC (open, high, low,close) data for each intra-time period of the plurality of intra-timeperiods, where each piece of the OHLC data corresponds to a uniqueintra-time period within a time period, it can then be determined instep 3365, from the received plurality of the OHLC data, an open pricecorresponding to a start of the time period, a highest pricecorresponding to a first intra-time period, a lowest price correspondingto a second intra-time period, and a close price corresponding to an endof the time period. A highest symbol position value indicating when thefirst intra-time period occurred between the start of the time periodand the end of the time period can be calculated in step 3370 as well asa lowest symbol position value indicating when the second intra-timeperiod occurred between the start of the time period and the end of thetime period can be calculated in step 3375. After which, the timeperiod, the open price, the highest price, the lowest price, the closeprice, the highest symbol position value, and the lowest symbol positionvalue can then be stored (step 3330) in association with one another inthe data structure on a non-transitory computer readable medium.

FIG. 34 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for an apparatusconfigured to generate normalization values indicative of a positionalrelationship in accordance with the present disclosure. An apparatus caninclude processing circuitry configured to receive, from a requestor,(3360) a request to obtain OHLC data representative of a time period andthen access, for each intra-time period of a plurality of intra-timeperiods in the time period, in step 3410 intra-time price data includingan intra-time open price, an intra-time high price, an intra-time lowprice, and an intra-time close price corresponding to the intra-timeperiod. It can then be determined in step 3415, from the accessedintra-time price data for the plurality of intra-time periods, an openprice, which is an intra-time open price of an initial intra-time periodof the plurality of intra-time periods and a close price, which is anintra-time close price of a last intra-time period of the plurality ofintra-time periods. It can then be further determined in step 3420, fromthe intra-time high price of each of the plurality of intra-timeperiods, a highest price occurring within a first intra-time period ofthe plurality of intra-time periods and from the intra-time low price ofeach of the plurality of intra-time periods, a lowest price occurringwithin a second intra-time period of the plurality of intra-timeperiods.

A first normalization value indicative of a positional relationshipbetween the first intra-time period and the time period and a secondnormalization value indicative of a positional relationship between thesecond intra-time period and the time period can be generated in step3425. A response including the determined open price, the determinedhighest price, the determined lowest price, the determined close price,the generated first normalization value, and the generated secondnormalization value can then be sent in step 3430 to the requestor.

The plurality of intra-time periods in the time period is determinedfrom an intra-time period resolution value 2850 and the generated firstnormalization value can be used to render a highest HLC or OHLC typesymbol position and the generated second normalization value is used torender a lowest HLC or OHLC type symbol position. The data structurespresented above were already shown (see FIG. 8-B) where the high timepercentage 830 is similar to the highest position value or upper wickposition or the first generated normalization value and the low timepercentage 835 is similar to the lowest position value or lower wickposition or the second generated normalization value.

Most markets are not open 24/7. When a live open market closes overnightor closes for the weekend or for a holiday, a price gap will mostprobably occur upon the next market open. A time gap also occurs butcharting engines do not display and remove time gaps from price chartsand show only the price gaps. The removal of time gaps enable more openlive market time periods to be displayed on a screen, particularly on ascreen of limited size. However, some who use chart analysis on pricecharts believe that the time gaps must be taken into account for moreaccurate technical analysis. But even if a charting engine (orstandalone program) displayed such time gaps, it would be in the form ofblank space to mark time in between live open market trading sessions.

FIG. 35-A is an illustration of a OHLC type price chart including timegaps during a closed market in accordance with the present disclosure.OHLC type symbols, in this case candlesticks are illustrated in theprice chart and represent a time period of a single trading day and aresometimes referred to as a daily candle. Some markets are open 24/7 asis the case for cryptocurrencies, others are open 24/5 as is the case inforex or foreign exchange. Most stock exchanges have live open marketsduring the day and are closed overnight, the weekends, and holidays, yetall charting engines of brokerages and exchanges suppress closed markettime gaps by default, such that the close price on a Friday isimmediately followed by the open price on a Monday usually displaying aprice gap but not the time gap.

When the display closed market time gaps 2839 or the time gap fillmethod 2848 in configuration settings 335, is selected closed markettime gaps are shown 3510. On either side of the time gaps is a firstweek of five daily candles shown in 3515, where each candle representsone trading day of the first trading week, and a second week of fivedaily candles shown in 3520, where each candle represents one tradingday of the second trading week. If the gap fill method is not selected,the entire time gap region shown in 3510 would be removed showing timecontinuity between the first week and the second week with all gapssuppressed. Context sensitive content can be generated to populate thetime gap with content relating to the company shown in the price chart.For instance, weekend news pertaining to company ABC could be placed inthe time gap of the price chart of ABC company. Advertising could becarried out similarly whether displaying discounts on products thecompany sells or competitor ads relating to ABC company can be displayedas well. Ghost symbols of ABC company can also be displayed in theclosed market time gap region based on estimated pricing on ABC company.Pricing can be estimated by retrieving a degree of correlation valuebetween ABC company and an example cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin, whichtrades 24/7. For instance, statistical methods can be applied bybuilding a model to predict probabilistic pricing based on pastcorrelation history.

FIG. 35-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed displayingcontent within closed market time gaps in accordance with the presentdisclosure. When a request to display a price chart is received, it isdetermined in step 3540 whether a configuration option to include adisplay of one or more closed market time gaps 2839 is selected. Inresponse to determining that the configuration option to include thedisplay of the one or more closed market time gaps 2839 is not selected,a first price range that occurred during a first live open market isdisplayed in step 3545 as well as displaying a second price range thatoccurred during a second live open market adjacent to the first pricerange, where the second live open market occurred after the first liveopen market. In response to determining that the configuration option toinclude the display of the one or more closed market time gaps 2839 isselected, then the first price range that occurred during the first liveopen market is displayed in step 3550 as well as displaying the closedmarket time gap including content in accordance with a selected time gapfill method adjacent to the first price range, and displaying the secondprice range adjacent to the content of the closed market time gap.

The present disclosure includes that the time gap fill method isselected from one of a one or more ghost symbols and at least one of anews, an advertisement, and a widget object, the at least one of a news,advertisement, and widget object context sensitive to one of an at leastone event occurring during the closed market time gap and a traded assetcorresponding to the first price range and the second price range. Timegaps can be interactive so a user can click to toggle between expandingor hiding the time gaps including any additional enhanced content. Suchmethods of enhanced content can selectively be applied to price gaps aswell (e.g., gaps of a minimum height) and not be dependent on time gapsat all.

FIG. 36-A is an illustration of a price chart including price rangesymbols having a plurality of fixed widths in accordance with thepresent disclosure. Several price range symbols 3610 are shown, eachhaving the same minimum symbol width, whereas the most recentlycompleted price range symbol 3615 is shown having a maximum symbolwidth. The relationship between the progression from minimum symbolwidth to maximum symbol width is based on a selected sequence which inthis case is an arithmetic sequence. As time progresses, each drawnsymbol becomes wider by a constant amount even though all displayedsymbols are representative of the same time period. This can also beshown in the time axis markings 3620 widening by the same constant yeteach axis marking is representative of the same time period duration.

When in configuration settings 335, a geometric sequence 2843 isselected with a value of the twelfth root of two, the wideningrelationship of the price range symbols resembles the wideningrelationship between consecutive frets of a stringed instrumentfingerboard, which are spaced similarly when it is constructed withtwelve semi-tones per octave of music. Additional settings (not shown),can include what portion of the display screen presents theminimum-to-maximum symbol width range. For instance, a setting of, “50%most recent”, instructs the charting engine to display only minimumsymbol widths for the first half of the display, and then scale thesizing to maximum symbol width for the remaining half of the display. Byshrinking from maximum to minimum symbol width quicker enables a longeroverall range of time to be displayed in the price chart.

FIG. 36-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a price range symbol in accordance with the presentdisclosure. A first price range symbol positioned at a first positioncorresponding to a first time with a first symbol width that spans thetime period can be generated and displayed in step 3630 by a chartingengine where as the charting engine can then generate and display instep 3640 a second price range symbol positioned at a second positioncorresponding to a second time with a second symbol width that spans thetime period, where the second time occurred after the first time and thesecond symbol width is wider than the first symbol width, where thedifference in width generated in accordance with a selected sequence2843.

The selected sequence is one of an arithmetic sequence, a geometricsequence, a triangular number sequence, a square number sequence, a cubenumber sequence, and a Fibonacci sequence. The present disclosure caninclude generating and displaying, by the charting engine, an Nth pricerange symbol having an Nth symbol width corresponding to an Nth elementin the selected sequence where the Nth price range symbol is a mostrecent price range symbol of the plurality of price range symbols. Thepresent disclosure can further include receiving a minimum symbol width,a maximum symbol width, and the selected sequence for the plurality ofthe price range symbols and determine a total number of price rangesymbols that can be drawn within a screen size width of a device, basedupon the received minimum symbol width, the received maximum symbolwidth, and the received selected sequence.

An electronic trading platform is a computer software program that canbe used to place orders for financial products over a network with afinancial intermediary. Various financial products can be traded usingthe trading platform over a communication network with the financialintermediary, or directly between the participants or members of thetrading platform. Electronic trading platforms typically stream livemarket prices on which users can trade and can provide additionaltrading tools, such as charting engines, news feeds, and accountmanagement functions.

A charting engine is the core software necessary for a charting programto run and integrate charts into a widget, an application, or on aplatform. Charting engines tend to offer the same basic technicalanalysis indicators and in some cases can include a complete programminglanguage for creating more indicators, or testing different tradingstrategies. The charting engine includes components such as a userinterface, an API, libraries, widgets, interactivity, tools, etc. Forinstance, the charting engine can manage price chart types, time scale,price scale, labels, legends, grids, overlays, on-chart indicators,off-chart indicators, timeframes, and drawing tools, to name a few.

A chart is a graphical representation for data visualization, in whichthe data is represented by symbols, such as bars in a bar chart, linesin a line chart, and candlesticks in a candlestick chart. A technicalindicator is a visual tool added onto price charts that help illustratevarious aspects of the price action of the underlying stocks. Technicalindicators usually pertain to the direction, price action or themomentum of price action and are usually calculated using various datapoints relating to time, volume, and price.

FIG. 37 is a prior art illustration of a candlestick price chartincluding technical indicators. A series of candlesticks 3710 are drawnrepresentative of each price range during a time range. Below thecandlesticks is a histogram 3715 showing a volume bar directlyunderneath each candlestick that represents the amount of volume tradedduring the time range of the given candlestick. Charts also usuallydisplay technical indicators such as on-chart indcators 3720 andoff-chart indicators 3725. Technical indicators are tools to detecttrend, momentum, volatility, and volume in the price action of a tradedasset. The on-chart indicator in this case are lines each representativeof a different time period of moving average of price 3720, which isused to have a sense when price action might be turning bullish orbearish. The off-chart indicator in this case displays a Moving AverageConvergence Divergence (MACD) indicator 3725 which display signal linesand a histogram or bar chart which displays the difference between theMACD and signal line. When the MACD is above the signal line, the bar ispositive. When the MACD is below the signal line, the bar is negative.The actual height of the bar is the difference between the MACD andsignal line itself.

The reference of OHLC data 350 herein is a shorthand naming conventionas this data also provides volume information for the time period andcan also be referenced as OHLCV (open, high, low, close, volume) data.Similar to how intra-time price data has been presented and referencedherein so to can intra-time volume data be presented.

FIG. 38-A is an illustration of candlesticks including intra-time volumeby luminosity level in accordance with the present disclosure. When acandlestick is drawn based on OHLCV data by obtaining a plurality ofintra-time period data slices, a device can normalize the intra-timevolume data for each slice which can be used to scale luminosity acrosseach intra-time period based a level between a minimum luminosity leveland a maximum luminosity level. The greater the volume the brighter theluminosity which can be reflected in the fill area of the candle body ascan be shown in 3810. By displaying, a price range symbol representativeof a time period in this manner enables a user to stay focused on thesymbol and not look down at an off chart volume indicator which couldsplit the users attention and miss an important price movement. When thelast price or close price is greater than the open price, the candlebody is bullish and the luminosity levels can appear as varying shadesof green and in turn when the last price or close price is less than theopen price, the candle body is bearish and the luminosity levels canappear as varying shades of red.

FIG. 38-B is an illustration of candlesticks including intra-timetechnical indicator by histogram in accordance with the presentdisclosure. When a candlestick is drawn based on OHLCV data by obtaininga plurality of intra-time period data slices, a device can normalize theintra-time technical indicator data for each slice which can be used toscale a histogram bar height across each intra-time period based a levelbetween a minimum bar level and a maximum bar level. The histogram 3820inside of the body candle can represent a technical indicator such asvolume or momentum and would appear bullish since the bars are drawnfrom the bottom of the candle body to the top of the candle body. Inturn, the histogram 3825 inside of the body candle that represent atechnical indicator would appear bearish since the bars are drawn fromthe top of the candle body to the bottom of the candle body. In analternative, the histogram or bar chart 3830 inside of the body candlecan represent a technical indicator such as volume or momentum where thebars are drawn where the midpoint is in the center of the candle body,which would be useful to see whether a MACD indicator has turnedpositive or negative.

There are many types of technical indicators that can be similarlydisplayed inside of the candle body such as an Accumulation/Distribution(AD), an Average Directional Movement (ADX), an Absolute PriceOscillator (APO), an Aroon Oscillator (ARO), an Average True Range(ATR), a Band Width (BW), a Commodity Channel Index (CCI), a ChandeMomentum Oscillator (CMO), a Directional Movement Indicator (DMI), aLinear Regression Angle (LRA), a Linear Regression Intercept (LRI), aLinear Regression Slope (LRM), a Money Flow Index (MFI), a Momentum(MOM), a Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD), a TripleExponential Moving Average Oscillator (TRIX), an On Balance Volume(OBV), a Percent Price Oscillator (PPO), a Price Volume Trend (PVT), aRate of Change (ROC), a Relative Strength Indicator (RSI), an UltimateOscillator (ULTOSC), and a Williams % R (WilIR).

FIG. 39-A is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a price range symbol with a selected intra-time volumerendering method in accordance with the present disclosure. When anetwork access device 210 receives real-time security market data 225including OHLC data 350 (or generate OHLC data from market data in theabsence of OHLC data, not shown) a device processor 315 in operativecommunication with a charting engine 340 can receive in step 3910, foreach intra-time period in the time period, intra-time price dataincluding an intra-time open and close price and an intra-time volumeand then determine in step 3915, from the received intra-time price dataan open price and close price for the time period as well as determinein step 3920, from the intra-time volume of each of the intra-timeperiods, a highest intra-time volume occurring within a first intra-timeperiod and a lowest intra-time volume occurring within a secondintra-time period.

A volume normalization value for the intra-time volume of each of theintra-time periods with respect to the lowest and the highest intra-timevolume can then be generated in step 3925 and a candle body generated instep 3930 from the open price and the close price, where a height of thecandle body indicates a difference between the open price and the closeprice, and a width of the candle body indicates a difference between astart time of the time period and an end time of the time period. Acandle body fill area within the candle body can be generated in step3935 in accordance with a selected intra-time technical indicatorrendering method 2847 such as volume from each of the generated volumenormalization values, and the price range symbol can then be displayedin step 3940 where the price range symbol includes the candle body andthe body fill area within candle body.

A volume oscillator measures volume by measuring the relationshipbetween two moving averages such as a fast and slow volume movingaverage. The intra-time volume rendering method is selected from one ofan intra-time volume histogram, an intra-time volume bar chart, anintra-time volume luminosity level, and an intra-time volume voxellayer, where the intra-time volume voxel layer is representative ofmultidimensional spatiotemporal information in a 3-D volumetricvisualization and where each volume normalization value is calculatedbased on one of an intra-time volume oscillator and a ratio between acurrent intra-time volume and an average of one or more prior intra-timevolumes.

Volume normalization values can be updated after passage of eachintra-time period so that luminosity levels can be adjusted on arelative volume basis within the widening partial current candle body.Such normalization values can similarly be periodically updated afterthe passage of a time period of each completed price range symbol sothat luminosity levels can span longer time frames across a plurality ofcompleted price range symbols (see FIG. 40). For instance, this can spanfor all displayed symbols such that in a rolling window when the oldestprice symbol disappears from view, recalculation of minimum and maximumluminosity levels can be performed to span across all displayed symbols.

Most chart technicians have concluded based on historical analysis thatif volume is increasing, whether prices are going up or down, it isprobable that prices will continue their current trend. However, ifvolume is decreasing, the current trend will probably not continue and areversal may be imminent. Accordingly, in a candlestick chart, as pricesstart to breakout higher, the candlestick grows taller and when thevolume is rising, the right most portion of the heightened candle bodyis drawn brighter green representative of the inta-time volume, whichcan be interpreted as bullish. In turn, when the volume is falling, theright most portion of the heightened candle body is drawn darker ordimmer green representative of the inta-time volume, which can beinterpreted as a sign of caution the a top is put in and a reversalpattern is forming. Similar interpretations, could be applied whenprices are breaking down lower, the candlestick grows taller andluminosity levels of red can indicate bearishness or trend changedepending on the intra-time volume strength. When price action startsmoving regardless of direction, a user can now make quickerinterpretations because the volume is now representing within the candlebody eliminating the extra step of having to look for similarindications when volume bars are drawn in an off-chart indicator belowthe price chart.

FIG. 39-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a price range symbol with a selected intra-time technicalindicator rendering method in accordance with the present disclosure.When a network access device 210 receives in step 3950 historicalintra-time price data along with real-time market price data 225 adevice processor 315 in operative communication with a charting engine340 can process the stream of fluctuating prices, each price occurringat a different corresponding time and further receive in step 3955 foreach intra-time period in the time period, intra-time price dataincluding an intra-time open price, an intra-time high price, anintra-time low price, an intra-time close price, and an intra-timevolume and determine in step 3960, from the received intra-time pricedata an open price and close price for the time period.

A technical indicator normalization value based upon the intra-timeprice data of each of the intra-time periods and the historicalintra-time price data can then be generated in step 3965 and a candlebody generated in step 3970 from the open price and the close price,where a height of the candle body indicates a difference between theopen price and the close price, and a width of the candle body indicatesa difference between a start time of the time period and an end time ofthe time period. A candle body fill area within the candle body can begenerated in step 3975 in accordance with a selected intra-timetechnical indicator rendering method 2847 from each of the generatedtechnical indicator normalization values, and the price range symbol canthen be displayed in step 3980 where the price range symbol includes thecandle body and the body fill area within candle body.

Each technical indicator normalization value is calculated based on oneof an intra-time technical indicator oscillator and a ratio between acurrent intra-time technical indicator and an average of one or moreprior intra-time technical indicators. The intra-time technicalindicator rendering method is selected from one of an intra-timetechnical indicator histogram, an intra-time technical indicator barchart, an intra-time technical indicator luminosity level, and anintra-time volume voxel layer, where the intra-time volume voxel layeris representative of multidimensional spatiotemporal information in a3-D volumetric visualization.

FIG. 40 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatingand displaying a plurality of price range symbols having normalizedluminosity levels corresponding to volume in accordance with the presentdisclosure. When a network access device 210 receives real-time marketprice data 225 a device processor 315 in operative communication with acharting engine 340 can process the stream of fluctuating prices, eachprice occurring at a different corresponding time and in response todetermining from the price stream the last price is the close price of acurrent time period, an amount of current volume for the current timeperiod can be determined in step 4010 and then determine in step 4015 alowest amount of volume and a highest amount of volume from the amountof the current volume and the amount of the historical volumecorresponding to at least a portion of each of the plurality of pricerange symbols. A volume normalization value for the amount of thecurrent volume and for the amount of the historical volume correspondingto at least a portion of each of the plurality of price range symbolscan be generated in step 4020 using the lowest amount of volume and thehighest amount of volume.

A charting engine can then generate in step 4025, at least a portion ofthe plurality of price range symbols, each price range symbol having aluminosity level corresponding to its generated volume normalizationvalue and also generate a current completed price range symbol basedupon the range of prices of the current time period having a luminositylevel corresponding to its generated volume normalization valuecorresponding to the amount of current volume. The charting engine canthen display in step 4030, the at least a portion of the plurality ofprice range symbols and the current completed price range symbol.

The at least a portion of the plurality of price range symbolsreferences a moving window when the oldest price range symbol is shiftedout of the display window as a new current price range symbol isdisplayed adjacent to the remaining plurality of price range symbolsthat can fit within a displayed region or within a larger moving timeperiod corresponding to an actively displayed price chart. This can alsobe applied to a plurality of regions (see FIG. 29-E), when the currentpartial uncompleted symbol is erased in the second region due to closeprice detection, and just before the new current completed symbol isadded to the first region as the oldest completed symbol in the firstregion is shifted out of view, is an example of when luminosity levelsacross all price symbols in the first region can be readjusted based oncalculating and applying new volume normalization values across theupdated set of price range symbols to be redrawn within the firstregion. In another example, a portion of the plurality of price rangesymbols can reference a subset of all displayed price range symbols suchas only price range symbols between the minimum symbol width and maximumsymbol width.

Though OHLC type symbols such as candlesticks are commonly used torepresent price movements over time, such symbols are not limited tosuch representations. For instance, OHLC type symbols could representmovements of other types of units, such as temperature, for example.Weather data can be organized to be displayed as a temperature rangewith respect to a time range. In some cases, the changing percentageodds of an outcome in betting whether who will win a game or who will beelected to office can provide use to fantasy sports and predictionmarkets by representing the current state of outcome via OHLC typesymbols. Another example is the changing price of virtual shares traded,which can rise and fall based on an athlete's performance or demand in aplayer via fantasy sports even though there is no transfer of actualequity or ownership in the player. This concept could further extend toother public figures such as actors, celebrities, politicians, socialmedia influencers, etc. where there is a change of speculativeconfidence in an activity or outcome, or extend to other metrics such asthe growth in followers, the number of likes or shares or retweets, etc.

Conventional chart libraries are void of accounting for high and lowsymbol positional information. The chart library of the instantdisclosure can either generate or receive a normalization value (a valuebetween ranging from 0 to 1) and multiply the normalization value by thesymbol width, or in the case of a candlestick, its candle body width, todetermine position information to render relative highest and lowest HLCor OHLC type symbol positions. Libraries can be modified to use adefault normalization value of 0.5 to render as conventionalcandlesticks with centerline wicks. By having such updated code inplace, the upper and lower wick positions can be shifted with licensedaccess to enhanced data including normalization values representative ofin this case upper wick and lower wick position information.

Conventional candlesticks do not visually record a memory or history ofwhat has occurred during the course of a time period. Enhancedcandlesticks presented above in this instant disclosure provide a visualhistory or memory of when each new high price and each new low price hadoccurred during the time period. However, there is yet further visualhistorical information that can be recorded and displayed to moreaccurately depict price action in price range symbol form.

For instance, the state of bullishness or bearishness after each pricechange or after each completed intra-time period can also be stored andvisually incorporated into enhanced candlesticks to provide yet evenmore visually accurate visualization of the history of what had occurredthroughout the course of a given time period. Further, a separate datavisualization that can grow after each intra-time period could be thecurrent tally of higher-highs and lower-lows as well as the percentageof time the candle is bullish and bearish throughout the course of thetime period.

FIG. 41-A is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatinga price range type symbol in accordance with the present disclosure.When a network access device 210 receives in step 4110 market price data225 such as OHLC data 350 or generates OHLC data 350 representative ofintra-time price data including and intra-time open price and anintra-time close price for each intra-time period in the time periodfrom received market price data 225, a device processor 315 in operativecommunication with a charting engine 340 can determine in step 4115 fromthe received intra-time price data, an open price at the start of thetime period and a close price at the end of the time period. For eachintra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods, it can bedetermined in step 4120 a value indicating whether or not the intra-timeclose price of the intra-time period is higher than the open price, soas to determine a plurality of values.

A candle body can be generated in step 4125 from the open price and theclose price, where a height of the candle body indicates a differencebetween the open price and the close price, and a width of the candlebody indicates a difference between a start time of the time period andan end time of the time period. A filled intra-body fill area for eachintra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods, can begenerated by a charting engine in step 4130, where each filledintra-body fill area is filled in accordance with the value of theplurality of values corresponding to the intra-time period of theplurality of intra-time periods. A price range symbol for the timeperiod can then be displayed in step 4135 including the candle body andthe body fill area within the candle body.

FIG. 41-B is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generatinga data structure used to generate a price range type symbol inaccordance with the present disclosure. After the plurality of valuesare determined (step 4120), the time period, the open price, the closeprice, and the determined plurality of values can be stored in step 4150in association with one another in the data structure on anon-transitory computer readable medium. Each value is either a firstfill value or a second fill value, the first fill value representativeof a bullish state of the intra-time period and the second fill valuerepresentative of a bearish state of the intra-time period.

FIG. 42 is a flowchart illustrating the steps performed for generating,updating, storing, and displaying price range summary data during a timeperiod in accordance with the present disclosure. When a network accessdevice 210 receives real-time market price data 225 a device processor315 in operative communication with a charting engine 340 can processthe stream of fluctuating prices such that whenever an intra-time closeprice or a new last price is received, it can be determined in step 4210whether the last price is higher than the open price of current timeperiod. If so, then an above-open-price counter value can be incrementedin step 4215 and then can be further determined in step 4220 whether thelast price is higher than the current high price during the time period.If so, then a higher-high-price counter value can be incremented in step4225. If it is determined (step 4210) that the last price is not higherthan the open price of current time period then it can be determined instep 4230 whether the last price is lower than the open price of currenttime period. If so, then a below-open-price counter value can beincremented in step 4235 and then can be further determined in step 4240whether the last price is lower than the current low price during thetime period. If so, then a lower-low-price counter value can beincremented in step 4245. If it is determined (step 4230) that the lastprice is not lower than the open price of current time period then itcan be determined (or confirmed) in step 4250 whether the last price isequal to the open price of current time period. If so, then anequal-open-price counter value can be incremented in step 4255.

In the cases of when it is determined (step 4220) that the last price isnot higher than the current high price or after the higher-high-pricecounter value was incremented (step 4225) or when it is determined (step4240) that the last price is not lower than the current low price orafter the lower-low-price counter value was incremented (step 4245) orafter the equal-open-price counter value was incremented (step 4255)then the time period, the OHLC price, the total for each counter valueincremented can be stored in step 4260 in association with one anotherin the data structure of a non-transitory computer readable medium and asymbol which illustrates a relationship between each counter value canthen be generated and displayed in step 4265 by the charting engine.Though the last price is used as an example, the above steps are mostpractically directed at a subset of last prices and count determinationsare made whenever the last price equals an intra-time close price.

The relationship is one of a proportionate relationship between thetotal-higher-high price counter value and the total-above-open-pricecounter value and a proportionate relationship between thetotal-above-open-price counter minus the total-higher-high price countervalue and the total-above-open-price counter value. The relationship isone of a proportionate relationship between the total-lower-low pricecounter value and the total-below-open-price counter value and aproportionate relationship between the total-below-open-price counterminus the total-lower-low price counter value and thetotal-below-open-price counter value.

FIG. 43-A is an illustration of an enhanced candlestick including acandle body having a plurality of intra-body fill areas in accordancewith the present disclosure. An enhanced candlestick 4310 representativeof a time period is illustrated including a candle body having aplurality of intra-body fill areas 4315. In this case, there is anintra-time-period resolution value 2850 of eight and, in turn, eightintra-body fill areas are shown. Each intra-body fill area correspondsto an intra-time period which includes an intra-time close price whichis compared to the intra-time open price of the first or initialintra-time period which is equivalent to the open price of the timeperiod. When the intra-time close price is greater than the open priceof the time period, the intra-body fill area is filled white or bullish.

In the case of the second intra-body fill area, it is filled black orbearish in the illustration, it can be inferred that the intra-timeclose price of the second intra-time period is lower than the open priceof the time period. These fill areas are usually displayed on a screenas green for bullish or red for bearish. In any event, these twodifferent fill values can be represented 4320 as either a binary 0(white/bullish) or a binary 1 (black/bearish). Eight bits of informationcan be stored as a byte and in this case the sequence of 1's and 0's isrepresentative of ASCII value 93 which is the equivalent of a rightbracket ‘]’ that can be stored in a data structure associated with theenhanced candlestick (e.g., could be appended to the data structure inFIG. 8-B) so that a charting engine can fill in all of the intra-bodyfill areas for each candlestick from historical OHLC data.

A chart library can be modified to have encode and decode functions forconverting bytes into drawing intra-body fill areas. This techniquecould also be used as an alternative means of storing wick positiondata, or volume luminosity data as previously presented in the instantdisclosure. For instance, a single byte can be stored for eachintra-volume fill area which can represent the 256 shades or red whenbearish or 256 shades of green when bullish. This byte can be stored aspart of RGB (red, green, blue) values in order to render theproportionate amount of relative luminosity based on normalizedluminosity values.

FIG. 43-B is an illustration of price activity summary data during atime period in accordance with the present disclosure. An enhancedcandlestick 4330 representative of a time period is illustratedincluding a candle body depicting an open price and a close price. Thecharting engine can display (step 4265) as a data visualization oftallied data in the form of stacked bars 4335, for example. The stackedbars 4335 can show the proportionate relationship between the amount ofbullish periods 4340 greater than the open price and how many of suchperiods were when higher highs 4345 were made as compared to the amountof bearish periods 4350 less than than the open price and how many ofsuch periods were when lower lows 4355 were made and further compared tothe amount of neutral periods 4360 where the close price equaled theopen price. An alternate data visualization can show the same data withthe bars displayed side by side 4370.

It is noted that the neutral point is aligned and displayed adjacent tothe open price of the candle body of the enhanced candlestick 4330. Thestacked bars 4335 have a fixed height proportional to theintra-time-period resolution value 2850 as the data is representative ofa cumulative tally of all intra-time periods of a given time period. Thestacked bar 4335 data visualization can have a dual use and also serveas an end of time period demarcation indicator 2910 (see FIG. 29-A).

FIG. 43-C is an illustration of a bullish-bearish off-chart indicator inaccordance with the present disclosure. Below the price chart thatincludes a series of daily enhanced candlesticks 4380 is the depictionof a new bullish-bearish off-chart indicator 4390 that includes astacked bar 4335 data visualization representative of a time perioddrawn directly below and corresponding to each enhanced candlestick4380. For example, when an intra-time-period resolution value 2850 isset at a value of thirty, the off chart indicator can display a minimumto maximum range between −30 to 30 where zero is representative of theneutral line which is proximate to the equal bar representing the amountof times the intra-time close price equaled the open price of the timeperiod. So when twice as many intra-time periods are bullish thanbearish, there would be a count of twenty intra-time periods above theopen and ten intra-time periods below the open, so the stacked barscould look like a heat map thermometer showing a proportionate amount ofbullish green versus bearish red.

Further a portion of the green can be shaded a lighter green on theupper tip to represent the number of intra-time periods of the twentybullish intra-time periods where higher highs were made and, in turn, aportion of the red can be shaded a lighter red on the lower tip torepresent the number of intra-time periods of the ten bearish intra-timeperiods where lower lows were made. Further data visualizations can bederived from calculating a value based on the ratio between the percentabove over the percent of higher high in relation to the ratio betweenthe percent below over the percent of lower low.

These visualizations provide an edge to a trader. For instance, astriped pattern developing across a plurality of intra-body fill areaswould indicate indecision of price action. When the intra-body fillareas begin to lean toward a bullishness green and the lighter greenportion of the upper tip of the stacked bar grows faster yet the heightof the candle body is not rising as fast could indicate the beginning ofbullish momentum and the price is coiling and about to push much higherquicker. If the current intra-body fill area also started to become abrighter and lighter green would indicate confirmation of rising volumecoupled with increasing higher highs and could signal a better riskreward set up in the short term of the current time period.

The symbol is in the form of one of a bar chart, stacked bar chart, andpie chart. The symbol is one of a demarcation indicator and an elementof an off-chart technical indicator. Each intra-time period of theplurality of intra-time periods can be generated from received real-timemarket data in accordance with a selected intra-time-period resolutionvalue. Each value of the plurality of values can be appended to form abinary string to store in the form of one or more bytes.

Although the disclosure has been shown and described with respect to acertain preferred aspect or aspects, it is obvious that equivalentalterations and modifications will occur to others skilled in the artupon the reading and understanding of this specification and the annexeddrawings. In particular regard to the various functions performed by theabove described items referred to by numerals (components, assemblies,devices, compositions, etc.), the terms (including a reference to a“means”) used to describe such items are intended to correspond, unlessotherwise indicated, to any item which performs the specified functionof the described item (e.g., that is functionally equivalent), eventhough not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure whichperforms the function in the herein illustrated exemplary aspect oraspects of the disclosure. In addition, while a particular feature ofthe disclosure may have been described above with respect to only one ofseveral illustrated aspects, such feature may be combined with one ormore other features of the other aspects, as may be desired andadvantageous for any given or particular application.

The description herein with reference to the figures will be understoodto describe the present disclosure in sufficient detail to enable oneskilled in the art to utilize the present disclosure in a variety ofapplications and devices. It will be readily apparent that variouschanges and modifications could be made therein without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined in the followingclaims.

I claim:
 1. A method for generating a data structure, the data structurebeing used to generate a symbol representative of changes in priceduring a time period, the method comprising: receiving, for eachintra-time period of a plurality of intra-time periods in the timeperiod, intra-time price data including an intra-time open price and anintra-time close price corresponding to the intra-time period;determining, from the received intra-time price data for the pluralityof intra-time periods, an open price, which is an intra-time open priceof an initial intra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods,and a close price, which is an intra-time close price of a lastintra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods; determining,for each intra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods, avalue indicating whether or not the intra-time close price of theintra-time period is higher than the open price, so as to determine aplurality of values; and storing the time period, the open price, theclose price, and the determined plurality of values in association withone another in the data structure on a non-transitory computer readablemedium.
 2. The method of claim 1, further including generating eachintra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods from receivedreal-time market data in accordance with a selected intra-time-periodresolution value.
 3. The method of claim 1, further including appendingeach value of the plurality of values to form a binary string to storein the form of one or more bytes.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein eachvalue is either a first fill value or a second fill value, the firstfill value representative of a bullish state of the intra-time periodand the second fill value representative of a bearish state of theintra-time period.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the time period isa first time period, the first time period is an intra-time periodwithin a second time period, and the second time period is longer induration than the first time period.
 6. The method of claim 1, whereinthe changes in price are of a market-traded object representative of oneof a physical asset, a digital asset, an asset pair, and a ratio betweentwo different assets and the time period is one of an amount of ticks,an amount of volume, an amount of price range, and an amount of timebetween a fraction of a second and decades.
 7. The method of claim 1,wherein the symbol includes a candle body and a plurality of intra-bodyfill areas within the candle body, each intra-body fill areacorresponding to each value of the plurality of values.
 8. A method forgenerating a data structure, the data structure being used to generate asymbol representative of changes in price during a time period, themethod comprising: receiving, for each intra-time period of a pluralityof intra-time periods in the time period, intra-time price dataincluding an intra-time open price, an intra-time high price, anintra-time low price, and an intra-time close price corresponding to theintra-time period; determining, from the received intra-time price datafor the plurality of intra-time periods, an open price, which is anintra-time open price of an initial intra-time period of the pluralityof intra-time periods, a highest price, which is an intra-time highprice of a first intra-time period of the plurality of intra-timeperiods, a lowest price, which is an intra-time low price of a secondintra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods, and a closeprice, which is an intra-time close price of a last intra-time period ofthe plurality of intra-time periods; determining, from the intra-timehigh price of each of the plurality of intra-time periods, atotal-higher-high-price counter value; determining, from the intra-timeclose price of each of the plurality of intra-time periods compared tothe open price, a total-above-open-price counter value; and storing thetime period, the open price, the highest price, the lowest price, theclose price, the total-higher-high-price-counter value, and thetotal-above-open-price counter value in association with one another inthe data structure on a non-transitory computer readable medium.
 9. Themethod of claim 8, further including generating each intra-time periodof the plurality of intra-time periods from received real-time marketdata in accordance with a selected intra-time-period resolution value.10. The method of claim 8, wherein the time period is a first timeperiod, the first time period is an intra-time period within a secondtime period, and the second time period is longer in duration than thefirst time period.
 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the changes inprice are of a market-traded object representative of one of a physicalasset, a digital asset, an asset pair, and a ratio between two differentassets and the time period is one of an amount of ticks, an amount ofvolume, an amount of price range, and an amount of time between afraction of a second and decades.
 12. The method of claim 8, wherein thesymbol is in a form of one of a bar chart, stacked bar chart, and piechart and the symbol is one of a demarcation indicator and an element ofan off-chart technical indicator.
 13. The method of claim 8, wherein therelationship is one of a proportionate relationship between thetotal-higher-high price counter value and the total-above-open-pricecounter value and a proportionate relationship between thetotal-above-open-price counter minus the total-higher-high price countervalue and the total-above-open-price counter value.
 14. A method forgenerating a data structure, the data structure being used to generate asymbol representative of changes in price during a time period, themethod comprising: receiving, for each intra-time period of a pluralityof intra-time periods in the time period, intra-time price dataincluding an intra-time open price, an intra-time high price, anintra-time low price, and an intra-time close price corresponding to theintra-time period; determining, from the received intra-time price datafor the plurality of intra-time periods, an open price, which is anintra-time open price of an initial intra-time period of the pluralityof intra-time periods, a highest price, which is an intra-time highprice of a first intra-time period of the plurality of intra-timeperiods, a lowest price, which is an intra-time low price of a secondintra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods, and a closeprice, which is an intra-time close price of a last intra-time period ofthe plurality of intra-time periods; determining, from the intra-timelow price of each of the plurality of intra-time periods, atotal-lower-low-price counter value; determining, from the intra-timeclose price of each of the plurality of intra-time periods compared tothe open price, a total-below-open-price counter value; and storing thetime period, the open price, the highest price, the lowest price, theclose price, the total-lower-low-price counter value, and thetotal-below-open-price counter value in association with one another inthe data structure on a non-transitory computer readable medium.
 15. Themethod of claim 14, further including generating each intra-time periodof the plurality of intra-time periods from received real-time marketdata in accordance with a selected intra-time-period resolution value.16. The method of claim 14, wherein the time period is a first timeperiod, the first time period is an intra-time period within a secondtime period, and the second time period is longer in duration than thefirst time period.
 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the changes inprice are of a market-traded object representative of one of a physicalasset, a digital asset, an asset pair, and a ratio between two differentassets and the time period is one of an amount of ticks, an amount ofvolume, an amount of price range, and an amount of time between afraction of a second and decades.
 18. The method of claim 14, whereinthe symbol is in a form of one of a bar chart, stacked bar chart, andpie chart and the symbol is one of a demarcation indicator and anelement of an off-chart technical indicator.
 19. The method of claim 14,wherein the relationship is one of a proportionate relationship betweenthe total-lower-low price counter value and the total-below-open-pricecounter value and a proportionate relationship between thetotal-below-open-price counter minus the total-lower-low price countervalue and the total-below-open-price counter value.
 20. A method forgenerating a data structure, the data structure being used to generate asymbol representative of changes in price during a time period, themethod comprising: receiving, for each intra-time period of a pluralityof intra-time periods in the time period, intra-time price dataincluding an intra-time open price, an intra-time high price, anintra-time low price, and an intra-time close price corresponding to theintra-time period; determining, from the received intra-time price datafor the plurality of intra-time periods, an open price, which is anintra-time open price of an initial intra-time period of the pluralityof intra-time periods, a highest price, which is an intra-time highprice of a first intra-time period of the plurality of intra-timeperiods, a lowest price, which is an intra-time low price of a secondintra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods, and a closeprice, which is an intra-time close price of a last intra-time period ofthe plurality of intra-time periods; determining, from the intra-timehigh price of each of the plurality of intra-time periods, atotal-higher-high price counter value; determining, from the intra-timelow price of each of the plurality of intra-time periods, atotal-lower-low price counter value; determining, from the intra-timeclose price of each of the plurality of intra-time periods compared tothe open price, a total-above-open price counter value, atotal-equal-open-price counter value, and a total-below-open-pricecounter value; and storing the time period, the open price, the highestprice, the lowest price, the close price, the total-higher-high-pricecounter value, the total-above-open-price counter value, thetotal-equal-open-price counter value, the total-below-open-price countervalue and the total-lower-low-price counter value in association withone another in the data structure on a non-transitory computer readablemedium.
 21. The method of claim 20, further including generating eachintra-time period of the plurality of intra-time periods from receivedreal-time market data in accordance with a selected intra-time-periodresolution value.
 22. The method of claim 20, wherein the changes inprice are of a market-traded object representative of one of a physicalasset, a digital asset, an asset pair, and a ratio between two differentassets and the time period is one of an amount of ticks, an amount ofvolume, an amount of price range, and an amount of time between afraction of a second and decades.
 23. The method of claim 20, whereinthe symbol is in a form of one of a bar chart, stacked bar chart, andpie chart and the symbol is one of a demarcation indicator and anelement of an off-chart technical indicator.